Page 31 - Biomarkers for risk stratification and guidance in heart failure
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Chapter 2
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Table 2: Association of clinical characteristics and biomarkers with 90-day mortality Univariable Analysis
Multivariable Clustered Analysis (Clinical/Laboratory)
Multivariable Analysis Combining Clinical and Laboratory
Clinical variables Demographics
Age ≥75 yrs
17.7 3.78 5.6 1.84
2.03–7.03 1.11–3.05
<0.001* 0.02*
17.3 4.01 4.9 1.86
2.08–7.71 1.08–3.19
<0.001† 0.03†
5.3 2.32 1.69 1.48
1.14–4.75 0.82–2.65
0.02 0.19
Male
Medical history
History of heart failure
Ischemic etiology of heart failure. CAD
Diabetes mellitus
Atrial fibrillation
COPD
Hypertension
19.0 2.98 15.8 2.75 6.7 1.90 0.09 0.92 4.1 1.66 1.2 1.36 1.9 0.72
1.83–4.84 1.67–4.53 1.17–3.09 0.54–1.57 1.02–2.71 0.79–2.34 0.44–1.15
<0.001* <0.001* 0.009* 0.76 0.04* 0.27 0.17
11.5 2.43 — — — — — — — — — — — —
1.45–4.07 —
—
—
—
—
—
0.001† — — — — — —
9.8 2.48 — — — — — — — — — — — —
1.40–4.37 —
—
—
—
—
—
0.002 — — — — — —
Signs and symptoms at presentation Dyspnea NYHA functional class IV Systolic BP, <110 mm Hg
Heart rate, ≥100 beats/min
10.6 2.22 22.8 3.80 1.8 1.40 3.9 1.62
1.37–3.59 2.20–6.57 0.86–2.29 1.01–2.61
0.001* <0.001* 0.18 0.05*
9.5 2.27 20.0 3.92 — — — —
1.35–3.83 2.16–7.11 —
—
0.02† <0.001† —
—
8.8 2.37 9.4 2.76 — — — —
1.34–4.19 1.44–5.27 —
—
0.003 0.002 — —
QRS duration ≥100 ms Laboratory findings
Hemoglobin <12 g/dl Creatinine ≥1.4 mg/dl
Blood urea nitrogen ≥28 mg/dl
14.1 2.52 20.1 3.07 34.2 4.52 32.2 4.56 41.9 5.95 39.9 5.14 30.4 5.71 37.8 5.57
1.56–4.08 1.88–5.01 2.73–7.50 2.70–7.71 3.47–10.21 3.10–8.55 3.08–10.62 3.22–9.62
—
—
— 0.01‡ 0.001‡ <0.001‡ <0.001‡
— — — — — — — — 11.5 2.84 21.3 3.88 7.0 2.58
—
—
—
— 1.55–5.18 2.18–6.89 1.28–5.29
— — — — 0.001 <0.001 0.008
NT-proBNP ≥4500 pg/ml hs-cTnT ≥0.04 μg/l hs-CRP ≥25 mg/l Cystatin-C ≥1.125 mg/l Galectin-3 ≥25 μg/l
— — — — — — 6.2 2.10 11.9 2.85 24.1 3.88 13.7 3.51
—
—
— 1.17–3.77 1.57–5.17 2.26–6.66 1.80–6.82
Wald Test OR
95% CI
p Value
Wald OR
95% CI
p Value
Wald OR
95% Cl
p Value
<0.001*
<0.001*
<0.001*
<0.001*
<0.001*
<0.001*
<0.001*
<0.001* ————————
