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Parkinsonism in GNDs972sTable 4. Quality assessment of observational cohort and cross-sectional studies First author Year of publication Journal Clear research question Clear subject population At least 50% participation rate Subjects recruited from the same population. Prespecified in/ exclusion criteria Sample size justification, power description, variance/effect estimateExposure(s) of interest measured prior to the outcome(s) being measuredSufficient timeframe between exposure and outcomeDifferent levels of the exposure examined as related to the outcomeExposure measures clearly defined, valid, reliable, and implemented consistently Exposure assessed more than once over timeOutcome measures clearly defined, valid, reliable, and implemented consistently Outcome assessors blinded to the exposure status Loss to follow-up 20% or lessPotential confounding variables measured and adjusted statistically RatingBoot 2018 Neurology + + na + na na na na na na + na na na GButcher 2013 JAMA Neurol + + + + + na na na na na + na na na GClot 2009 Brain + + cd + na na na na na na + na cd na GFasano 2014 Neurology + cd cd + na na na na na na + na nr na FFitzgerald 1990 Movement disord + + + + na na na na na na + na nr na GGitiaux 2008 Movement disord + + cd + na na na na na na - na nr na FHayflick 2013 Brain + + na + na na na na na na + na na na GKara 2016 Brain + + cd + na na na na na na + na na na FLai 1989 Arch neurol + + + + na na na na na na + na nr na GMartikainen 2016 JAMA neurol + + + + na na na na na na + na na na GNishioka 2015 Neurobiol Aging + + na + na na na na na na + na na na GOlgiati 2016 Ann neurol + + cd + na na na na na na + na na na GUtari 2010 J neurodevelop disord+ + cd + na na na na na na + na na na GVieregge 1991 J neurol neurosur ps+ + cd cd na na na na na na + na na na FAbbreviations: yes (+) / no (-) / cannot determine (cd) /not applicable (na) / not reported (nr). G=Good, F=Fair.Source assessment form: https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/study-quality-assessment,tools.