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Chapter 8206Post-traumatic stressIn chapter 7, it was found that adults with 22q11.2DS have a higher prevalence of PTSD compared to the general population. Based on these findings clinicians and caregivers are advised to be alert to trauma and PTSD in 22q11.2DS, and to consider treatment interventions such as eye movement desensitization reprocessing therapy. Good clinical care early in life may prevent the onset, or delay progression, of conditions at adult age. This may also be the case for trauma and PTSD.28, 29 Some traumatic events reported by adults with 22q11.2DS occurred earlier in life, including bullying, hospital admissions and surgeries. The study of trauma and PTSD in adults with 22q11.2DS raises awareness for these potential traumatic events and PTSD in both adults and children. Discussion within the family or with care givers about possible traumatic events is important at any age and may facilitate early intervention. In addition, education about (sexual) boundaries, relationships or interventions aimed to reinforce resilience may be helpful in childhood or adolescent age in dealing with, or preventing, potentially traumatic events and PTSD later in life.28, 29Predictive markers for late-onset disorders in adults with 22q11.2 deletion syndromeWhen considering the adult phenotype of 22q11.2DS, it is important to realize that its associated conditions may have their roots earlier in life. Therefore, it is crucial to study conditions over the life course to get a good understanding of factors contributing to late-onset conditions and in order to recognize, prevent or treat these conditions timely. It is still unclear which individuals with 22q11.2DS will develop disorders associated with the adult phenotype such as Parkinson’s disease. There have been attempts to identify early predictors, mainly for psychosis, in individuals with 22q11.2DS.30-32For example, cognitive decline was found to precede the development of psychosis,30 and olfactory deficit and brain connectivity patterns have been proposed as potential biomarkers.31, 32 Possible contributors to several lateonset disorders were studied in adults with 22q11.2DS described in this thesis.In chapter 3, age, but not sex, was found to be related to the development of Parkinson’s disease. In the study on hearing described in chapter 4, age and