Page 63 - Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: From Tumor microenvironment to Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy Checkpoint Inhibition
Immuno checkpoint inhibition
for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guiding principle (Fig.
2)[14]. To evaluate primary research literature on the immune therapy checkpoint in
the ongoing clinical trial, we used the following search terms ("('immune checkpoint inhibitor'/de OR 'checkpoint inhibitor'/de OR 'immune checkpoint modulator'/de OR 'immune checkpoint'/de))).Immune checkpoint inhibitors for PD1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizumab and tremelimumab’’. The search was finalized by a manual screening of articles to be included in the study. Because of its unusual relevance to
the subject, one single study appearing after the 9th September 2017 was included as 3 well.
Study selection,
The population enrolled in clinical trials consisted of patients older than 18 yr who was diagnosed with the progressive phase of metastatic GC and were treated with either a mono or combined therapy of immune checkpoints inhibitors targeting either CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1. Only potential prospective randomized clinical trials, phase one, two and three clinical trials were included in the review analysis. Correspondence, letters to editor, systematic and meta-analysis review, nonrandomized clinical trial, case reports, editorials and conference abstracts were excluded. If various analyses of the same clinical trial were performed, the most current or most germane article was included. Primary outcome measures included Overall survival (OS), Objective response rate (ORR) and progression-free survival (PFS), conferring to the guideline of Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Response[15]. Secondary outcomes included adverse events (AEs) and efficacy of PD-L1 expression status in tissues of gastric cancer origin. Restricted searched articles which have randomized trials done in humans.
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