Page 62 - Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: From Tumor microenvironment to Immunotherapy

Chapter 3
Chapter 3
Nivolumab) and PD-L1-directed cancer constitutes a novel avenue for the treatment of advanced gastric cancer.
Figure 1 – Schematic depiction of T-cell co-inhibitory receptor expression and checkpoint inhibition. Antigen presenting cells (APCs) express a specific antigen that is presented to cytotoxic T cells in a major histocompatibility complex peptide and Tumor cells. The immune cell receptor recognizes presented antigens and, together with binding of costimulatory receptors (eg, CD28); this primes to lymphocytes activation and subsequently elimination of tumor cell. Interaction of co- inhibitory receptors of T cells with their corresponding ligands on APCs or tumor cells inhibits T-cell activation. Known co-inhibitory receptors are PD-1 (that act together with its ligand PD-L1) and CTLA-4. Inhibiting antibodies against these co-inhibitory receptors or their respective ligands can prevent their interaction and the subsequent inhibition of T-cell action.
Methods
Search strategy and data source
A systematic search of available articles was conducted on the 9th September 2017, using an electronic database of embase.com, Medline Ovid, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of science, Google scholar. We looked for Extra references by exploring the reference list of carefully chosen studies was performed by a skillful librarian [W.B]. The search was done by the guiding principle of Preferred Reporting Items
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