Page 111 - Physical activity in recipients of solid organ transplantation - Edwin J. van Adrichem

actively working or retired, sedentary time during a day o
on validity and reliability of self-report questionnaires of sedentary time are limited it is indicated that concurrent validity is highly variable (r=-0.19; 0.80).27 Reliability studies
showed acceptable to good test-retest reliability and comparable results to questionnaires
measuring PA.
Exercise Self-E
31
28
Physical activity in recipients of solid organ transplantation
sedentary time during a workday and sedentary time during a day o
.
For people not
Cohorts, however, can be classi
lesser extent.
Potential barriers and motivators to physical activity
Barriers and motivators
30

was considered as the average.
Average sedentary time in minutes per day was used as outcome measure. Although results
ed into being sedentary to a greater or
29
To obtain insight into barriers to and motivators of PA the ‘Barriers and Motivators
Questionnaire’ was utilized.

e questionnaire, originally developed for hemodialysis
patients,
contains 32 items on barriers and 23 items on motivators. Participants were
asked to select one out of four answer options for each statement (not at all=0/ slightly=1/
moderately=2/ ‘very much’=3). A recent study into the underlying component structure
identi

ed a well-interpretable multidimensional structure increasing its usability in
research.

limitations; low expectations and self-con
in the component scores.
e barrier scale consists of the components of fear of negative e
the courses of action required for

dence; and lack of motivation or time.
being physically active, was assessed using the Exercise

ects; physical
e
motivator scale comprises the components of health and physical outcomes; external
in

uences; group activities; and psychological outcomes. Adding the scores of the items in
each component and dividing these by the number of questions in the component results
Self-E

cacy Scale (ESES).
Statistical analyses
cacy
Exercise Self-E

cacy, an individual’s belief in their own capability to organize and execute
32–34
32
Although the ESES was developed for individuals with
spinal cord injury, all of the questions were considered generic and suitable for SOT
recipients.

e Dutch ESES has good internal consistency (Chronbach’s
alpha
: 0.88), and
test-retest reliability (intra class correlation = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70 to 0.89), and a moderate
correlation with the General Self-E
cacy Scale (Spearman’s
consists of ten items scored on a four-point scale (not at all true/rarely true/sometimes
rho
= 0.52,
p
=0.01).
true/always true).

signifying a higher level of exercise self-e

e scoring of the ESES ranges from 10 to 40 with the increasing values

cacy.
Participant characteristics and health status data were summarized as means/standard
deviations or as medians/interquartile range depending on skewness of the distribution. For
categorical data, proportions are provided. Only cases with measurements available on one

e ESES
or both outcome variables and at least

ve explanatory variables were included for
statistical analyzes. Mean or median substitution (depending on skewness) was performed
for missing values in cases satisfying these criteria. To explore factors associated with the
109.
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