Page 110 - Physical activity in recipients of solid organ transplantation - Edwin J. van Adrichem

Chapter 6
Data collection
Data were collected between June and August 2014.
vocational, and primary; medium, intermediate vocational, and secondary; high, high
comorbidities. Comorbidities were classi
(CCI).
22

e questionnaire consisted of
questions regarding gender, height, weight, ethnicity, educational level (low, lower
vocational, and university), employment status (actively working; not actively working;
student; retired), date of transplantation, length of hospital stay post-transplantation, and

ed according to the Charlson Comorbidity Index
Additionally, the questionnaire consisted of questions on PA level, sedentary time,
perceived barriers to and motivators of PA, and exercise self-e

cacy.
Physical activity
Medicine.
Ful

llment of the PA guideline was assessed by questions on meeting the several aspects of
the guideline.
minimum of

e guideline advises (1) moderate to vigorous PA for ≥
30 minutes for a

ve days per week and/or (2) vigorous-intensity exercise for ≥
20 minutes for a
minimum of three days per week. Recipients complying to one or both of the aspects
identi

ed were classi

ed as ful

lling the guideline.

accordance to the international standard as reported by the American College of Sports
e PA guideline that was utilized is in
12
To classify participants according to their PA level, the Short QUestionnaire to
ASsess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH) was used.
e number of days spent on an activity, the average time spent
23

e SQUASH is a
self-report questionnaire recalling habitual PA and health enhancing PA during a normal
week in the past month.

per day, and the intensity at which an activity was performed is identi

ed.

e activities are
calculated into multiples of metabolic equivalent tasks (MET, kcal/kg/h). MET values per
activity were derived according to the 2011 compendium.
24
Sedentary time
One MET unit is the
minutes per week spent on moderate to vigorous intensity PA was used as outcome
equivalent of sitting quietly and is often referred to as the resting metabolic rate. Based on
age, the assigned MET value, and the experienced intensity, activities were classi
an intensity category (light, moderate, or vigorous).
e validity of the SQUASH is comparable to other questionnaires on PA with
e SQUASH scores expressed as total

ed into

measure.

fair reliability (Spearman’s
rho
= 0.58, 95% CI: 0.36 to 0.74) and concurrent validity of the
questionnaire compared with activity monitoring (Spearman’s
rho=
0.45, 95% CI: 0.17 to
0.66).
23
Assessment of sedentary time was based on four questions derived from a Dutch national
survey on movement and health. characterized by energy expendit
25 u
Sedentary time was de re ≤1.5 METs while in
a
ned as any waking behavior sitting or reclined posture.26
Participants were asked to estimate the average time spent: (1) sitting during a regular
work/school day, including transportation; (2) sitting or lying down on a regular work/
school day after work/school, excluding sleeping; (3) sitting or lying down on a regular day
o
,
excluding sleeping and holidays; and (4) lying down in bed on a regular night. For
working people, the average sedentary time per day was calculated as the average of
108.