Page 143 - Like me, or else... - Michelle Achterberg

Longitudinal changes of brain and behavior
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in the contrasts negative-neutral, negative-positive and positive-neutral. High estimates of A indicate that genetic factors play an important role, whilst C estimates indicate influences of the shared environment. If the E estimate is the highest, variance in motion is mostly accounted for by unique environmental factors and measurement error.
Figure S3. ACE model. The correlation between the additive genetic factor (A) of twin 1 and 2 is set to 1.0 for monozygotic (MZ) twins and to 0.5 for dizygotic (DZ) twins. The correlation between common, shared environmental factors (C) is set to 1.0 for both MZ and DZ twins. The correlation between the unique, non-shared environmental factors (including measurement error, (E)) is freely estimated within the model.
Exploratory whole brain analyses
To prevent that specific developmental effects were overlooked, we performed exploratory whole brain analyses at wave 2 including the VIPP-SD group, the control group and the reference group (n=360). We first investigated the general valence effects of social evaluation, that is to say, regions in the brain that were active after positive and negative feedback, relative to neutral social feedback. In doing so, we calculated a conjunction of positive vs neutral and negative vs neutral social feedback. We found common activation across positive and negative feedback in three clusters of activation: in the left AI; in the right AI extending into the right IFG; and in the occipital lobe, extending into the fusiform gyrus (Figure S4a, Table S6). To test for specific effects of positive versus negative social feedback, we examined pair-wise contrasts on social rejection and social acceptance. The contrast of social rejection (negative vs positive social feedback) resulted in significant activation in -amongst others- the right putamen/thalamus, the bilateral IFG, and the MPFC (Figure S4b,Table S6). The contrast of social acceptance (positive vs negative social feedback) resulted in two large clusters of significant activation, one cluster in the prefrontal cortex (including the superior frontal gyrus and the left and right DLPFC) and one cluster
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