Page 34 - Physico-Chemical Niche Conditions for Bone Cells

Physicochemical niche conditions and mechanosensing
Table 2. Cellular chemical signaling molecules
Molecule Function Relationship References
NO Modulation of osteoblast and osteoclast activity; Produced after mechanical stimulation.
Ca2+ Regulation of cell or muscle contraction, cell motility,
growth, proliferation. Prostaglandins Modulation of bone quantity
and quality.
BMPs Induction of ectopic bone formation.
Wnt/β-Catenin Modulation of
osteoprogenitor proliferation;
Lineage selection.
bFGF Upregulation of eNOS expression; Downregulation
of RANKL expression.
OPN Regulation of bone cell differentiation; Regulation of
muscle size.
OGN Regulation of cell adhesion,
proliferation, differentiation, migration in tissue development and repair.
IGF-1 Stimulation of muscle fiber growth; Regulation of bone
mass.
HGF Stimulation of muscle cell
regeneration; Involved in bone formation and bone resorption.
L-arginine, NOS enzyme, [48–50] molecular oxygen, NADPH,
other cofactors.
MTORC1, TrpV1, CaMKKα. [51]
EP2 receptor, Fascin, COX-like [52] enzyme, linker of nucleoskeleton and cytoskeleton complex.
Smads, TGF-β, activins.
[53,54]
Axin, Dsh, GSK3, APC, PP2A, [55] MYC, CCND1, LRP5.
ERK1/2, c-jun kinase (JNK), [56,57] deltafosB, CREB, GEFs.
Integrin-av, integrin-β1, [58,59] arginine-glycine-aspartate-
containing glycoprotein.
Alkaline phosphatase, collagen [59] type I, β–catenin.
PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, [59] Murf1, MAFfbx
c-Met, [59]
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