Page 17 - Second language development of newly arrived migrant kindergarteners - Frederike Groothoff
P. 17

Primary school (Dutch): Primary school in the Netherlands is compulsory from the age of 5. A mainstream primary school consists of eight years of schooling. In the Netherlands, pre-primary schooling is integrated into primary school since 1985. Children generally start going to primary school at the age of 4 until 12. Receptive vocabulary: This is the ability to recognize a word, knowing its meaning,. Sometimes also called “passive vocabulary.” Second language: Second language learner: A second language learner is someone who must learn the language of the environment in addition to the languages he/ she already knows. Snapshot: A snapshot procedure can be used during observations. During a snapshot procedure pupils are observed during a certain time frame, for example for 10 seconds, after which notes are taken about the observed activities and behavior. In the present study the snapshot procedure is based on the Emerging Academic Snapshot by Ritchie, Howes, Kraft-Sayre, and Weiser (2001) and Early et al. (2010). Sociocultural competence: Sociocultural competence is part of communicative competence and refers to the awareness of rules and norms of a language in a target culture and context (for instance, rules of politeness). Story Grammar: Story grammar is the structure of a narrative, which includes components such as the setting and a (or multiple) logical event structure (e.g., initiating event, internal response, plan, action, consequence, and reaction Stein & Glenn, 1979). Story Structure: Story structure is often called story grammar. A complete structure of a story contains in our study: a setting and three episodes containing an initiating event, an internal response, a plan, an attempt, a consequence, and a reaction. Strategic competence: Strategic competence is part of communicative competence and concerns how the learner implements planned (verbal, and non-verbal) strategies to succeed in the communicative exchange. Structural Complexity: Structural Complexity is focusing on whether the structure of a story contains full episodes containing a goal, an attempt, and an outcome. xvii 


































































































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