Page 109 - Second language development of newly arrived migrant kindergarteners - Frederike Groothoff
P. 109

Development of narrative ability 109 Table 5.9: Fit of Different Models (-2LL) for Changes in Number of Different Words (168 cases) with Addition of Exposure to Dutch at School (EDS) as Explanatory Variable.     Model NDW1: β0ijcons + β1Age1ij NDW5: NDW1 + β2EDSij NDW6: NDW5 + β3Age*EDSij -2LL 1,285.75 1,280.01 1.276.80 Comparison Models       ΔΧ2 Δdf p           NDW1 vs NDW5 NDW5 vs NDW6 1 5.73 .02 1 3.22 .07ns  The difference in NDW score when Exposure of Dutch at School was taken into account is graphically presented in Figure 5.5. There was a fixed main effect of Exposure to Dutch at School, but there was no interaction effect between Age and Exposure to Dutch at School (see Table 2.1 in Appendix 2 with the estimated parameters). Pupils with a longer Exposure to Dutch at School score higher on the NDW than pupils with shorter Exposure to Dutch at School. The effect of Exposure to Dutch on NDW was similar for younger pupils and older pupils. Importantly, the main effect of Age became insignificant when Exposure to Dutch at School was added: the main effect of Age was overshadowed by Exposure to Dutch at School. This is plausible since Exposure to Dutch at School goes hand in hand with growing older. So, in this respect Age and Exposure to Dutch at School are (partly) the same variable (1 month increase in Exposure to Dutch at School equals 1 month increase in Age). However, it is visible in Figure 5.5 that Exposure to Dutch at Schools exceeds Age, represented by the line “Exposure = 0” which indicates general growth. At any age, the additional effect of Exposure of Dutch at School was similar, but significant.   60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Exposure = 0 Exposure = mean = 14 months Exposure = mean + 1 sd = 24 months      Age in Months Figure 5.5: Development of NDW with Exposure to Dutch at School as Explanatory Variable. 51 55 59 63 67 71 75 79 83 87 91 95 99 103 Number of Different Words 


































































































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