Page 120 - DECISION-MAKING IN SEVERE TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY PATIENT OUTCOME, HOSPITAL COSTS, AND RESEARCH PRACTICE

Chapter 5
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Table 1 continued
Findings first CT scan
All (N=486)
Mild TBI (N=354)
Moderate TBI (N=43)
Severe TBI (N=78)
Very severe TBI (N=51)
P value*
Intracranial abnormalities Contusion Traumatic SAH Epidural hematoma(s) Subdural hematoma(s) Skull fracture(s) Compressed basal cisterna Midline shift >5mm Mass lesion >25 cc Uninterpretable**
263 (54.1) 130 (26.7) 185 (38.1) 47 (9.7) 136 (28.0) 180 (37.0) 88 (18.1) 65 (13.4) 80 (16.5) 10 (2.1)
160 (45.2) 68 (19.2) 101 (28.5) 27 (7.6) 68 (19.2) 97 (27.4) 30 (8.5) 21 (5.9) 26 (7.3) 5 (1.4)
30 (69.8) 22 (51.2) 26 (60.5) 7 (16.3) 22 (51.2) 25 (58.1) 9 (20.9) 10 (23.3) 14 (32.6) 4 (9.3)
68 (87.2) 38 (48.7) 56 (71.8) 13 (16.7) 43 (55.1) 55 (70.5) 47 (60.3) 31 (39.7) 37 (47.4) 0 (0.0)
43 (84.3) 26 (51.0) 37 (72.5) 9 (17.6) 28 (54.9) 39 (76.5) 34 (66.7) 20 (39.2) 26 (51.0) 0 (0.0)
<0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001
Injury Severity Brain Injury AIS ISS
3.1 ± 1.2 20 ± 16
2.7 ± 0.9 15 ± 9
3.7 ± 1,2 22 ± 16
4.6 ± 1.2 39 ± 22
4.8 ± 1.2 43 ± 21
<0.001 <0.001
In-hospital mortality
60 (12.3)
8 (2.3)
8 (18.6)
42 (53.8)
32 (62.7)
<0.001
GOSE at 6 months Favourable/unfavourable*** 1
2/3
4
5
6
7
8
Loss to follow up
5.72 ± 2.55 72.9%/27.1% 73 (15.0) 17 (3.5)
23 (4.7) 25 (5.1)
38 (7.8) 110 (22.6) 131 (27.0) 69 (14.2)
6.5 ± 1.8 85.4%/14.6% 15 (4.2)
10 (2.8)
19 (5.4)
18 (5.1)
31 (8.8)
93 (26.3) 115 (32.5) 53 (15.0)
4.6 ± 2.7 55.3%/44.7% 10 (23.3)
6 (14.0)
1 (2.3)
5 (11.6)
4 (9.3)
4 (9.3)
8 (18.6)
5 (11.6)
2.9 ± 2.7 29.0%/71.0% 45 (57.7)
1 (1.3)
3 (3.8)
2 (2.6)
3 (3.8)
10 (12.8)
5 (6.4)
9 (11.5)
2.4 ± 2.5 19.6%/80.4% 34 (66.7)
0 (0.0)
3 (5.9)
1 (2.0)
1 (2.0)
4 (7.8)
3 (5.9)
5 (9.8)
<0.001 <0.001
Table 1 legends:
Caption: Table 1 shows patient characteristics and patient outcome
Legend:
Values are reported as:
Number (percentage)
Mean ± SD
* p values were derived from ANOVA for continuous characteristics and χ2 statistics for categorical characteristics, comparing TBI severity categories (severe TBI, moderate TBI, mild TBI). The p value assessed compatibility with the null hypothesis of no differences between TBI severity categories.
** Numbers from TBI severity subgroups do not always match the numbers
that are reported for all patients because baseline GCS data was missing for 11 patients. Also, data from 1 CT-scan could not be retrieved.
*** Calculated excluding missings. Favourable and unfavourable were defined as GOSE 5-8 and GOSE 1-4 respectively.
Abbreviations:
AIS: abbreviated injury scale
CT-scan: Computed Tomography scan GCS: Glasgow Coma Score
GOSE: Glasgow Outcome Score – Extended ICU: Intensive care unit
SAH: subarachnoid hemorrhage
0.650