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Chapter 6
Table 1: Subject characteristics.
Age, years Height, cm Body weight, kg BMI, kg/m2 BMIsds
Fat mass, % Fat mass, kg FFM, kg
RQ
REE, kcal/d
All subjects (n=121)
14.4 (1.7)1 166.1 (9.2) 92.1 (16.8) 33.2 (4.4) 2.93 (0.45) 40.9 (4.1) 38.5 (8.6) 55.2 (10.2) 0.84 (0.05) 1887 (291)
Female western (n=27)
15.1 (1.7) 167.6 (7.2) 93.2 (14.6) 33.2 (4.9) 2.72 (0.48) 42.0 (3.7) 40.1 (8.8) 54.6 (7.2) 0.84 (0.05) 1865 (248)
Female non-western (n=43)
14.3 (1.6) 162.8 (5.4) 92.5 (14.0) 34.8 (4.1) 2.98 (0.32) 42.4 (3.4) 40.1 (8.3) 53.9 (7.1) 0.85 (0.05) 1769 (263)
Male western (n=28)
14.3 (1.5) 170.0 (11.3) 94.5 (20.5) 32.3 (4.5) 2.96 (0.47) 39.7 (3.6) 38.3 (9.0) 58.0 (12.9) 0.84 (0.05) 2040 (302)
Male non-western (n=23)
13.8 (1.7) 165.7 (11.9) 87.1 (19.3) 31.4 (3.8) 3.04 (0.54) 38.3 (4.5) 33.8 (7.2) 54.9 (14.0) 0.84 (0.05) 1956 (288)
1 All values are means (SD); expenditure.
RQ, respiratory quotient; FFM, fat-free mass; REE, resting energy
A total of 48 scientific papers or reports were retrieved for REE predictive equations. Twenty-six papers were excluded: age range, 1; one sex study, 3; insufficient information, 6; specific ethnic group, 5; small sample size, 8; impractical variable, 2; and another method (measuring REE in sitting position), 1. Of the 22 included articles, we selected the best equations based on explained variance in regression analysis, and more than one equation was included when based on weight and height (compared with the weight only). Also, extra equations were included when based on FFM and FM or if the equations were based on specific age groups (e.g. 10-18 years and 18-30 years). After this procedure, we included a total of 43 equations, 31 weight-based equations, and 12 FFM-based equations. The quality of the indirect calorimetry procedure in these studies, according to the procedure of Frankenfield et al. (17), resulted in no further exclusion. Ten articles (including 16 equations) were based on children aged <18 years; only 11 equations were based on adolescents in aged 10-18 years (5-9,20-24) (Table 2). Five of these equations were based on obese adolescents or obese and non-obese adolescents (5-9). None of the included equations were based on Dutch adolescents.
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