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Chapter 2
- Dietary behaviour
Questions about 2 risk behaviours i.e. consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages and consumption of high-sugar/high-fat content snacks (14). The questionnaire is based on other validated questionnaires for assessing dietary intake (26,27). Adolescents indicate how many days a week they consume sugar-sweetened beverages or energy-dense snacks, and the amount/number of servings of sugar-sweetened beverages or energy dense snacks they usually consume on these days, thinking of the last week.
- Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire.
Eating behaviour is assessed using the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ). This questionnaire consists of 33 items, on emotional (13 items), external, and restrained eating (both ten items). All items are rated on a 5-point scale ranging from 1 (never) to 5 (very often). The DEBQ scales have high internal consistency, high validity, and high convergent and discriminative validity (28,29).
- Physical activity and sedentary behaviour
The Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents & Adults (AQuAA), is based on the Short Questionnaire to Assess Health-enhancing physical activity (SQUASH)(30). This questionnaire was not designed to asses’ energy expenditure, but to give an indication of the habitual activity level and sedentary behaviour. The AQuAA questionnaire is structured in commuting activities, leisure time activities, household activities, and activities at work and school. For every item examples of activities are provided. The test-retest reliability and validity are currently being studied (Chin A Paw et al., submitted).
Quality of Life
- Child Health Questionnaire
The Child Health Questionnaire Child Form 87 (CHQ) questionnaire is a generic health status measure covering physical and psychosocial domains and was developed specifically for children and adolescents. The 87 items with 4, 5 or 6 response options is divided over ten multi-item scales and 2 single-item questions. Per scale the items are summed up and transformed into a 0 (worst possible score) to 100 (best possible score) scale (31,32).
- Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTMVersion 4.0
The 23-item Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTMVersion 4.0 (PedsQlTM4.0) Generic Core Scales for children aged 2 to 18 years encompasses: 1) physical function (8 items), 2) emotional functioning (5 items), 3) social functioning (5 items), and 4) school functioning (5 items). The instrument takes approximately 5 minutes to complete. The instructions ask how much of a problem each item has been during the past month. A 5-point Likert response scale is utilized (0 =
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