The diagnostic work-up of women with postmenopausal bleeding

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Chapter 2
References
1. Astrup K, Olivarius NF. Frequency of spontaneously occurring postmenopausal bleeding in the general population. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2004 Feb;83(2):203-207.
2. Dijkhuizen FP, Brolmann HA, Potters AE, Bongers MY, Heinz AP. The accuracy of transvaginal ultrasonography in the diagnosis of endometrial abnormalities. Obstet Gynecol 1996 Mar ;87(3):345-349.
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4. Epstein E, Ramirez A, Skoog L,Valentin L. Dilatation and curettage fails to detect most focal lesions in the uterine cavity in women with postmenopausal bleeding. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2001 Dec; 80(12): 1131-1136.
5. Timmermans A, Veersema S. Office hysteroscopy in women with postmenopausal bleeding: see and treat of endometrial polyps using a duckbill polyp snare. Gyn Surg 2004;1:189-190.
6. Brenner PF. Differential diagnosis of abnormal uterine bleeding. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1996 Sep;175:766- 769.
7. Dutch Society of Obstetrics and Gynaecology (NVOG). Diagnostics in abnormal vaginal blood loss in the postmenopausal period. 2003.
8. Ricci J. Gynaecologic surgery and instruments of the nineteenth century prior to the antiseptic age.The development of gynaecological surgery and instruments 1949; 326-328.
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10. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. ACOG Committee Opinion No. 426: The role of transvaginal ultrasonography in the evaluation of postmenopausal bleeding. Obstet Gynecol 2009 Feb;113:462-464.
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12. Goldstein RB, Bree RL, Benson CB, et al. Evaluation of the woman with postmenopausal bleeding: Society of Radiologists in Ultrasound-Sponsored Consensus Conference statement. J Ultrasound Med 2001 Oct;20(10):1025-1036.
13. Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network. Investigation of postmenopausal bleeding. 2002. Ref Type: Online Source.
14. Dutch Cochrane Centre. Checklist systematic review of diagnostic studies. 2010. Ref Type: Online Source
15. Jaeschke R, Guyatt GH, Sackett DL. Users’ guides to the medical literature. III. How to use an article about a diagnostic test. B. What are the results and will they help me in caring for my patients? The Evidence- Based Medicine Working Group. JAMA 1994 Mar 2;271(9):703-707.
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17. Timmermans A, van Doorn LC, Opmeer BC, et al. Follow-up of women after a first episode of postmenopausal bleeding and endometrial thickness greater than 4 millimeters. Obstet Gynecol 2008 Jan;111(1):137-143.
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19. Gupta JK, Chien PF, Voit D, Clark TJ, Khan KS. Ultrasonographic endometrial thickness for diagnosing endometrial pathology in women with postmenopausal bleeding: a meta-analysis. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 2002 Sep;81(9):799-816.
20. Timmermans A, Opmeer BC, Khan KS, et al. Endometrial thickness measurement for detecting endometrial cancer in women with postmenopausal bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Obstet Gynecol 2010 Jul;116(1):160-167.
21. de Kroon CD, de Bock GH, Dieben SW, Jansen FW. Saline contrast hysterosonography in abnormal uterine bleeding: a systematic review and meta-analysis. BJOG 2003 Oct;110(10):938-947.
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