Page 48 - Age of onset of disruptive behavior of residentially treated adolescents -Sjoukje de Boer

“conditional mandatory treatment order”. Civil measures comprised “supervision order”, and “involuntary commitment”.
The childhood risk indicators were grouped into four categories: individual, family and context, parental, and system characteristics.
Individual child characteristics
Information on gender, IQ (70,9% had an IQ score measured by former institutions – WAIS: 48.6%; WISC-R: 18.5%; Raven: 6.9%; or other measures: 36.0%), school achievement (grade retention in primary school, and age at grade retention), and the presence of impulsive behavior and/or concentration problems was collected. The latter was considered present when professional help was sought because of this behavior.
Family and context characteristics
Information on single parenthood at birth, parent’s divorce (birth – age 11), the number of changes in caregiver or changes of home environment, and maltreatment was collected. Maltreatment was divided into whether or not patients had been either physically or sexually abused.
Parental characteristics
Information on mental health care received by at least one parent, and parental conviction(s) for crimes was collected. Parents occupational level was coded into five categories (no occupation, housekeeper, without work or unfit for work; occupation without qualification; low vocational occupation; intermediate vocational occupation; high vocational or academic occupation) and subsequently, the highest level of occupation of the parents was determined, indicating social economic status (SES). Next to occupational level we asked for the mother’s employment status.
System characteristics
System characteristics included placement outside of the home before age 12 (yes/no). Also, when relevant, the age at court custody (placement outside of the home) was recorded.
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