Page 115 - THE DUTCH TALKING TOUCH SCREEN QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter 4 of problems were used as the primary indicator of effectiveness. Efficiency is the relation between the accuracy and completeness with which users achieve certain goals and the resources expended in achieving them \[34\]. In this study completion time was used as an indicator of efficiency. Satisfaction is the users’ comfort with and positive attitudes towards the use of a system \[34\]. In this study participants were interviewed about their satisfaction with the ease of use of the DTTSQ. Ease of use was defined as the degree to which the usage of a particular system is free from effort \[35\]. Setting and Participant Selection Data was collected in the same study population and at the same time as the data reported in a paper earlier published by Welbie et al. \[36\]: Recruitment took place in eleven primary care practices in deprived areas of Utrecht, The Netherlands. Patients were invited by their physical therapists to participate in this study. The physical therapists shortly explained the goal of the study and provided the patient with an information letter that was written in plain Dutch language. If patients were interested, the physical therapist asked permission to give the patients’ telephone number to researcher IT. Then researcher IT (1) contacted the patient by telephone, (2) again shortly explained the aim of the study, (3) made sure the patient understood what was asked of him/her, (4) answered any question the potential participant may have had, and (5) checked the inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria for participants were as follows: aged 18 years or older, Dutch as their first language, and the patients and both their parents born in The Netherlands. This last inclusion criterion was added, because in a following study the usability of a direct Turkish translation of the DTTSQ will be tested. In order for the outcomes of both studies to be comparable it is important that the cultural background of participants of the current study was not ‘mixed’. This last inclusion criterion excludes second generation immigrants with a non-Dutch background. The sampling procedure was aimed at getting a broad variation in levels of education and age, plus balance in our sample regarding gender. Age was used as a proxy for level of experience with using mobile technology, because with increase of age the experience with mobile devices decreases \[26\]. Taking age as a selection criterion was more practical for the recruiting physical therapists, as this is noted standardly in patient files. By making sure that there was variation in age it was expected to find variation in 114