Page 88 - Preventing pertussis in early infancy - Visser

Chapter 6
Chapter 6
Epel et al. 2012, Guthmann et al. 2012, Mir et al. 2012, Pulcini et al. 2013, Lu et al. 2014, Vasilevska et al. 2014, MacDougall et al. 2015, Ryser et al. 2015, Tuckerman et al. 2015, Harrison et al. 2016, Paranthaman et al. 2016). A previous study by our group added anticipated regret and decisional uncertainty as determinants of the intention of HCWs to vaccinate against pertussis (Visser et al. 2017).
Some effect evaluations or descriptions of interventions to implement pertussis vaccination among HCWs are available. The programmes reported include information and educational components (e.g. individual letters, posters or lectures) and various options for vaccine delivery (e.g. ward-by-ward vaccination or vaccination on appointment) (Calderon et al. 2008, Walther et al. 2015, Paranthaman et al. 2016). Unfortunately, they do not provide background information on the development process of the interventions, the theoretical and empirical evidence the programmes are based on, or the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of specific components of the programmes.
Previous research has confirmed that a systematic approach to the development of interventions leads to better outcomes (Grimshaw et al. 2012, Grol 2013, Baker et al. 2015, Kok et al. 2016). This implies that an understanding of the determinants (barriers or enablers) underlying a behaviour as well as the correct translation of behavioural change methods or techniques to practical applications should play a crucial role in the intervention development process (Marshall et al. 2017). Intervention Mapping (IM) describes a protocol for the systematic design of effective behaviour change interventions which integrates both important aspects, (van Bokhoven et al. 2003, Bartholomew-Eldredge et al. 2016, Durks et al. 2017) and is also applicable to the practice of healthcare professionals.
Other frameworks for the design of behaviour change interventions are available in the literature, such as the PRECEDE-PROCEED model(Green LW 2005) and the Behaviour Change Wheel.(Michie et al. 2011) However, these models lack a specific focus on how theory and empirical evidence can be effectively used to inform the steps of intervention development, implementation and evaluation, and do not consider planning for interventions that include multiple ecological levels (Bartholomew-Eldredge et al. 2016, Kok et al. 2016).
The systematic design of an intervention with IM results in detailed programme descriptions, as well as a plan for implementation and evaluation that can easily be used or replicated by others to fine-tune interventions in similar but different contexts. IM has previously proven to be effective in the design of vaccination interventions for Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) and influenza among HCWs in the Netherlands (Looijmans-van den Akker et al. 2011, Pot et al. 2017).
In this article, we aim to show the application of IM in the planning and design of a vaccination programme, using pertussis vaccination of HCWs as an example. We expect that an applied example in a vaccination setting might further encourage the systematic development of theory- and evidence-based behaviour change interventions in implementation research.
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