Page 164 - Clinical relevance of current materials for cranial implants

Chapter 8
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study examines whether different compositions and fabrication methods of PMMA-based materials release different amounts of residual monomers.
Specimen preparation
Four representative materials - Vertex Self-Curing (Vertex-Dental, The Netherlands), Palacos R+G (Heraeus, Germany), NextDent C&B MFH (NextDent, The Netherlands), and DePuy CMW-3 (DePuy International Ltd., United Kingdom) - were used (Table 1). A mold of a half cylinder 40 mm (height) by 28 mm (outer radius) with 6.0 mm thickness was designed using Netfabb software (Autodesk Inc., CA, USA) and 3D printed out of a poly-(dimethacrylate) on a Rapidshape D30 printer (Rapidshape, Heimsheim, Germany). Vertex Self-Curing, Palacos R+G, and DePuy CMW-3 were hand mixed following the manufacturer’s instructions and were used to fill the 3D printed mold.
Table 1: Specifications of the PMMA-based materials used in this study.
Material
/ Application
Vertex Self-Curinga
Denture
Palacos R+Gb
Bone cement
NextDent C&B MFHc
Personalized medical device
DePuy CMW-3d
Bone cement
Ingredients powder
Poly(methyl methacrylate), benzoyl peroxide, various pigments
Gentamicin, poly(methylacrylate, methyl methacrylate), zirconium dioxide, benzoyl peroxide, colorant E141
-
Gentamicin sulphate, poly(methyl methacrylate), benzoyl peroxide, barium sulphate
Ingredients liquid
Methyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethyl- p-toluidine, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate
Methyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethyl-p- toluidine, hydroquinone, colorant E141
Methacrylate oligomer,
methacrylate monomer, inorganic filler, phosphine oxides
Methyl methacrylate, N,N-dimethyl-p- toluidine, hydroquinone
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a Vertex-Dental, Soesterberg, The Netherlands b Heraeus, Hanau, Germany c NextDent, Soesterberg, The Netherlands
d DePuy International Ltd., United Kingdom
The inverted design of the mold was used for the 3D printed cylinders of NextDent C&B MFH. After printing, the cylinders were immersed in ethanol twice (respectively three and two minutes) under ultrasonic vibrations. The cylinders were dried for 10 minutes prior to a post-curing period of 30 minutes in a ultra violet lightbox (NextDent LC3D-PrintBox, Soesterberg, The Netherlands). Three cylinders of each material were prepared, sharp edges were wet grinded with standard metallographic grinding paper (P500, P1000, and P1200).