Page 42 - Crossing Cultural Boundaries - Cees den Teuling

developed by Chen, Lee and Stevenson (1995), Cragg (1995), Seagrave (1995) and
developed by Chen, Lee and Stevenson (1995), Cragg (1995), Seagrave (1995) and
Chen (2004).
Chen (2004).
It can be argued that applying a single framework exclusively for studying NC
It can be argued that applying a single framework exclusively for studying NC
seems to be not sufficient for presenting a balanced and satisfactory outcome of the
seems to be not sufficient for presenting a balanced and satisfactory outcome of the
research of all elements involved in transboundary KT. This is especially valid for
research of all elements involved in transboundary KT. This is especially valid for
Russia as a multi-ethnic, diversified state. Each of the authors of the presented
Russia as a multi-ethnic, diversified state. Each of the authors of the presented
frameworks has an own “angle” and approach to the research. Consequently, outcomes
frameworks has an own “angle” and approach to the research. Consequently, outcomes
are also divers. For the underlying study, a compilation of the theories of Hofstede,
are also divers. For the underlying study, a compilation of the theories of Hofstede,
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, Denison and Szulanski (1995) will be implemented
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner, Denison and Szulanski (1995) will be implemented
as a basis for developing an individual, overarching framework. This will allow to
as a basis for developing an individual, overarching framework. This will allow to
research thoroughly all elements connected with transboundary KT in and from the NC
research thoroughly all elements connected with transboundary KT in and from the NC
and OC perspective. In the present research, the position is taken, away from
and OC perspective. In the present research, the position is taken, away from
fragmentation and subtle divisions, to research and explore the perspectives with a
fragmentation and subtle divisions, to research and explore the perspectives with a
plurality of various approaches and different insights.
plurality of various approaches and different insights.
2.3 Dimensions of culture
2.3 Dimensions of culture
As it was mentioned, there are various classifications and models of cultures and their
As it was mentioned, there are various classifications and models of cultures and their
core characteristics. Hofstede’s insights from his seminal work are still valuable, but
core characteristics. Hofstede’s insights from his seminal work are still valuable, but
much work is done to criticise his findings. Subsequently, contributing authors added
much work is done to criticise his findings. Subsequently, contributing authors added
new developments and findings to the basic dimensions of Hofstede. In the underlying
new developments and findings to the basic dimensions of Hofstede. In the underlying
research, Hofstede’s basic dimensions are used, together with the contributions of
research, Hofstede’s basic dimensions are used, together with the contributions of
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner and Denison, to develop a new, individually
Trompenaars and Hampden-Turner and Denison, to develop a new, individually
designed framework of dimensions for questioning the samples population, as executed
designed framework of dimensions for questioning the samples population, as executed
in this study.
in this study.
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2.3.1 The model of Hofstede
2.3.1 The model of Hofstede
Hofstede’s model is based on a large sample of empirical data collected at a
Hofstede’s model is based on a large sample of empirical data collected at a
large multinational company (IBM) with subsidiaries worldwide. While working as a
large multinational company (IBM) with subsidiaries worldwide. While working as a
psychologist at IBM, Hofstede collected data regarding the attitudes and values of
psychologist at IBM, Hofstede collected data regarding the attitudes and values of
116,000 employees of the organisation. Later, using the same questionnaire, Hofstede
116,000 employees of the organisation. Later, using the same questionnaire, Hofstede
collected additional data from the inhabitants of fifty countries. In his more recent
collected additional data from the inhabitants of fifty countries. In his more recent
works, the number of surveyed countries reached to more than 100 (Hofstede, 2011).
works, the number of surveyed countries reached to more than 100 (Hofstede, 2011).
Based on these data, collected in the IBM organisation globally, Hofstede (1983)
Based on these data, collected in the IBM organisation globally, Hofstede (1983)
developed a model to describe NCs. Initially, he described four dimensions of NC
developed a model to describe NCs. Initially, he described four dimensions of NC
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