Page 22 - Tailoring Electrospinning Techniques for Regenerative Medicine - Marc Simonet

CHAPTER 1
quartz, allegedly obtaining fibers up to 27 m in length with a diameter as little as 254 nm. In 1900 J. F. Cooley filed the first patent on electrospinning.19 Remarkably, Cooley already proposed coaxial nozzles and air assisted electrospinning. Notably he also used a coaxial shield fluid to stop premature evaporation at the nozzle. A similar approach was reported in 2004 by G. Larsen et al. using a coaxial gas shield.20
Based on the work of N. A. Fuchs,21 Petryanov- Sokolov and N. D. Rosenblum developed the first electrospun product in 1938 in the USSR, the Petryanov filter.22 By 2003 five billion of this highly classified Lepestok filter masks using Petryanov filters had been produced.23
Outside the USSR, most of the electrospinning research until the 1990s was of fundamental nature or with filter applications in mind. An exception was the work done by D. Annis et al. in 1978, which is to my best knowledge, the first time electrospinning was used for tissue engineering.24 D. Annis et al. successfully implanted 42 electrospun polyetherurethane thoracic aorta prostheses in mini-pigs, which they followed for up to 12 months. A er 9 months they observed a thin healthy cellular neointima despite an overall lack of cellular ingrowth due to the
small pore sizes of the electrospun meshes. While, unfortunately, this pioneering work of Annis et. al. caught hardly any scientific attentionc, a er the year 2000, electrospinning gained substantial attention in the biomedical fieldd,e.
In 2008 the AVfloTM Vascular Access Gra of Nicastf was the first electrospun biomedical product receiving the CE Mark approval. Up to 2015, 4 more electrospun biomedical products achieved market approval:
- Papyrus, a stent covered with electrospun fibersg
- ReDuraTM, an electrospun dural patchh
- ReBOSSIS, an electrospun synthetic bone
filleri
- BiowebTM a stent covered with
electrospun fibersj
1.4 Electrospinning basics/setup
An electrospinning setup consists of a spinneret and a target, with a high voltage di erence in- between them (Figure 1.3a). This basic setup can be adapted to suit the final fiber assembly, some design variations are depicted in Figure 1.3.
c 67 citations reference date 23.08.2015, source scopus
d ~12500 of a total of ~37000 publications and 1642 of 5250 patents on electrospinning have a tissue engineering or biomedical topic, cut of
date 23.08.2015, source scopus with keywords: tissue engineering, biomedical and electrospinning
e For more details about the electrospinning history, please see the work of N. Tucker et al.137
f http://www.nicast.com/index.aspx?id=2930
g http://www.biotronik.com/wps/wcm/connect/int_web/Search?search_query=papyrus
h http://www.medprin.com/product/show.aspx?m=118002&i=100000002287375
i http://orthorebirth.com/?page_id=338
j http://www.zeusinc.com/advanced-products/bioweb
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