Page 102 - The autoimmune hypothesis of narcolepsy and its unexplored clinical features M.S. Schinkelshoek

Chapter 6
Table 6.1. Baseline and MSLT characteristics. In this table, baseline characteristics and information regarding the MSLT of all patients is summarized. Percentages of dream report are based on all naps, both with and without sleep.
N (MSLT)
Age (years ± SD)
Gender (% male)
BMI (kg/m2 ± SD)
Treatment (%) Sedatives
Stimulants Antidepressants Melatonin
MAD CPAP
Naps (% sleep) Sleep (n)
No sleep (n)
Sleep reported (%) SOREMP (%) Dreaming reported (%) MSL (min ± SD)
NT1
33
29.9 ± 16.9
48.5
23.7 ± 3.6
3 (9%) 3
0
0
NT2
14
35.5 ± 15.3
28.6
24.4 ± 4.3
2 (14%) 0
0
0
IH
56
37.8 ± 15.6
45.5
25.5 ± 4.7
9 (16%) 4
0
4
OSA
31
51.0 ± 16.7 64.3
28.2 ± 4.4
6 (19%) 1
0
5
ISS
31
35.2 ± 12.0 46.7
25.7 ± 4.4
2 (7%) 2
0
2
0 2 2 1 0 00010 00050
93.3 154 11
90.3
58.8
61.0
6.0 ± 5.6
100 70 0
88.7
44.3
58.3
5.7 ± 4.3
86.2 244 39
64.3
1.5
20.0
9.6 ± 5.9
76.6 118 36
50.0 2.1 10.0 12.3
± 5.9
82.4 126 27
62.8
4.7
28.0
10.9 ± 6.0
BMI = body mass index; CPAP = continuous positive airway pressure; IH =
ISS = insufficient sleep syndrome; MAD = mandibular advancement device; MSL = mean sleep latency; MSLT = multiple sleep latency test; NT1 = narcolepsy type 1; NT2 = narcolepsy type 2; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea; SD = standard deviation; SOREMP = sleep-onset REM period.
Table 6.2. ESS scores. Sleep questionnaire scores of the patients that filled in the Epworth Sleepiness Scale to assess excessive daytime sleepiness.
idiopathic hypersomnia;
Diagnosis ESS
Median (range)
NT1 16 (2-21)
NT2 15 (7-21)
IH 15 (0-24) OSA 15 (0-24)
ISS 13.5 (5-20)
Above clinical cut-off 21/23 (91%)
10/11 (91%)
36/48 (75%)
9/25 (36%) 23/30 (77%)
100
EDS = excessive daytime sleepiness; ESS = Epworth Sleepiness Scale; IH = idiopathic hypersomnia; ISS = insufficient sleep syndrome; NT1 = narcolepsy type 1; NT2 = narcolepsy type 2; OSA = obstructive sleep apnea.
Sleep state misperception is common in sleep disorders
In total, 72 people with sleep disorders had no classic sleep state misperception, 39 people with sleep disorders had 1 nap with classic sleep state misperception, 22 people with sleep disorders had 2 naps with classic sleep state misperception and 28 people with sleep disorders had more than 2 naps with classic sleep