Page 113 - Open versus closed Mandibular condyle fractures

Clinical outcome in treatment of unilateral condylar fractures
In the Axis I assessment, the Symptom Questionnaire was completed by all participants. Furthermore, patients were asked questions related to their highest level of education and their parents’ places of birth.
Functional parameters were also assessed, including the range of motion (ROM) of the mandible (i.e., maximum active and passive mouth opening (MMO), protrusion and laterotrusion (left and right lateral movements) measured in mm using a caliper), the presence of joint sounds, and the diagnosis regarding muscular and/ or articular TMD pain.
The Axis II assessment was used to appraise the patient’s psychosocial status and to rate the pain-related impairment, i.e., disability and limitations in an individual’s everyday life.15 The following questionnaires were completed for this assessment: the Graded Chronic Pain Scale version 2.0 (GCPS), Jaw Functional Limitations Scale 20 items (JFLS-20), Patient Health Questionnaire (depression) (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (somatization) (PHQ- 15), and Oral Behaviors Checklist (OBC).
Sunnybrook facial grading system (SB)
The SB scale is a weighted scale used to assess facial nerve function, based on the evaluation of different regions of the face.16 The examination, which includes the assessment of the resting symmetry, the symmetry of voluntary movement, and the severity of synkinesis, results in a composite score ranging from 0 to 100, in which a higher score indicates better facial nerve function.
Additional information
In addition, seven other parameters were measured: the cause of trauma, coexistence of other facial fractures, the patient’s dental state (dentate or edentulous), subjective perception of occlusion, objective occlusion (as assessed by a maxillofacial surgeon, i.e., the existence of a clinical open bite or not), and the presence of lateral deviation of more than 2 mm on mouth opening.
Furthermore, the patients were checked for 9 types of surgical complications: temporary weakness of the facial nerve, permanent weakness of the facial nerve, hematoma, wound infection, sialocele, salivary fistula, disturbance of the sensory component of the great auricular nerve, material failure, and unsatisfactory scarring.
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