Page 38 - Breeding and regulatory opportunities, Renaud

Chapter 1

hindered by regulatory imbalances and trade incompatibilities among these

three countries, arising from divergent stakeholder interests along the organic

seed value chain, and the varying capacity for self-organising governance

of the seed sector in relation to each state’s regulatory role. Progress toward

regulatory harmonisation in the organic seed sector among the three cases

is compared. The chapter concludes with an assessment of the regulatory

processes described and concludes with a synthesis of what the regions may

learn from each other in the key areas of regulatory policy and practice.

Chapter 4 analyses whether the commercial broccoli cultivars available at the

inception of the study adequately met the needs of organic management

systems. This was studied by comparing horticultural trait performance of a

set of 23 broccoli cultivars under two management systems (organic and

conventional) in two regions of the US (Maine and Oregon), including Spring and

Fall trials. On the basis of the genotype by environment by management system

(GxExM) interaction analysis on the performance of the broccoli horticulture

traits (eleven evaluated), recommendations for the best selection environments

are made.

Chapter 5 presents the results of analysis of phytochemical content of the

broccoli cultivars grown in the organic and conventional ield trials described

in Chapter 4, to determine the genotype by environment by management

system (GxExM) interaction efect on their content. The phytochemicals

quantiied included: glucosinolates (glucoraphanin, glucobrassicin,

neoglucobrassin), tocopherols (δ-, γ-, α-tocopherol) and carotenoids (lutein,

zeaxanthin, β-carotene). On the basis of the results, recommendations for

selection environments are made. Results of the comparative performance of

cultivars from diferent genotypic classes (open pollinated vs. Fhybrids, old
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versus new and commercial seed sources, diference commercial seed sources)

also are presented. In addition, genetic correlation between horticulture and

phytochemical traits and the potential trade-ofs between traits and the

implications for breeding are discussed.

Chapter 6 assesses the main indings of Chapters 1-5 in the light of the

objectives, hypotheses and research questions of this study. Through the

combined analyses of the organic seed regulatory studies and the ield trials

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