Page 213 - THE DUTCH TALKING TOUCH SCREEN QUESTIONNAIRE

should stop asking them to do so.
If the specific goal of a physical therapist is not measurement of PROs but to engage patients in goal setting, using traditional PROMs may not be the most effective way to do this. Instead of using the PSC, it would be preferable to choose the ‘Patient-Specific Goal-setting method’ (PSG). This method was developed as a substitution for the PSC and specifically aimed at physical therapists enabling their patients to participate in the goal-setting process. Different from the PSC, which needed to be completed autonomously by the patient, the PSG is a six-step method embedded across the physiotherapy process, in which patients are stimulated by a physical therapist, who was trained specifically for this purpose, to participate in the goal- setting process [42].
Recommendations for future research
It is of great importance that researchers keep striving for further development of user-friendly, valid and reliable TT questionnaires that can be used in ‘real life patient populations’, including native and minority patients with low health literacy. This will greatly benefit the generalizability of PROMs in research and may add to the feasibility of implementing routine PRO measurement in clinical practice. It will empower and emancipate vulnerable patients by enabling them to give their undiluted input to research and clinical practice. Being able to do this autonomously will reduce staff burden and costs and potential interviewer bias. It may also reduce feelings of embarrassment and make people with low literacy feel safer and more worthy within both research and clinical settings, because they will be able to use the same tools as do people with greater health literacy. Results of the study of Hahn et al. already indicate that assumptions being made based on results of paper-and-pencil health-related quality of life questionnaires about the relationships between health literacy and health-related quality of life may be influenced by measurement bias [18]. Therefore, developing measurement tools that suit the needs and abilities of the great number of people with low health literacy is of utmost importance.
In order for TTs to contribute to the quality of health care and active input of patients into the patient-provider interactions on a wide scale, a substantial amount of commonly-used questionnaires like the PSC need to be tested for usability in ‘real life patient populations’
General discussion
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