Page 208 - THE DUTCH TALKING TOUCH SCREEN QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter 5
al. reported that participants were overwhelmingly positive about the ease of use of the tested TT [21]. And Hahn et al. reported in 2004 that overall satisfaction was high and 75% of the participants reported that their expectations were exceeded, while at the same time 80% of the participants were dissatisfied with the efficiency with which they were able to complete the questionnaire [17]. Thornberry et al. reported that the more vulnerable and digitally-inexperienced participants were, the more they had enjoyed working with the TT [26]. All of these findings confirm the hypothesis that the Expectation Confirmation Theory [52] can be used as an explanation for the high satisfaction about the ease of use of TTs among participants in evaluation studies. And, just as in the study reported in Chapter 4.3 of this thesis on the Turkish version of the TTSQ, Thornberry et al. found that when participants ‘had too much on their plate’ because of health or social problems, they were less satisfied with the ease of use of the TT [26]. The results in the study presented in Chapter 4.3 of this thesis show that these participants seem to be less able to concentrate on their tasks during the data collection phase. Even though there are no results on the effectiveness with which the earlier described TTs could be completed, the results for satisfaction seem to create a similar picture as do the results for the usability of the TTSQ.
VALIDITY OF TALKING TOUCHSCREENS
A qualitative approach in validity testing
Since not much is known about the validity of questionnaires in populations with low health literacy, the researchers of the study described in Chapter 4.1 were interested in possible differences between the problems occurring during the response processes of participants with lower and higher health literacy. People with low health literacy are usually either excluded intentionally by researchers selecting only people with proficient reading and writing skills, or unintentionally, because these people refuse to participate in such studies because they do not wish to put themselves in such demanding situations [15,35]. Therefore, the researchers conducted the qualitative TSTI method [4] which resulted in a detailed view and deep understanding of the problems that arose during the response processes of all participants completing the TTSQ. A direct study of the question-and-answer process gave the researchers the opportunity to identify problematic items in the TTSQ and at the
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