Page 138 - THE DUTCH TALKING TOUCH SCREEN QUESTIONNAIRE

Chapter 4
generalizable data.
Considering the difference in amount of problems encountered by none and little experienced participants versus average/high experienced participants within the current study, it can be concluded that in striving for inclusive design it is vital to involve potential future users at risk of exclusion during further development and testing of the DTTSQ. Selecting quantitative methods for this purpose may be quite challenging, because the researchers will have to develop a quantitative study design which will enable people with low literacy skills and low educational levels to participate. Research designs that include reading and writing tasks for participants are ineligible because these tasks may lead to exclusion of these vulnerable and hard to reach populations [55].
Researchers who want to investigate the usability of mHealth tools in populations that include little or inexperienced participants should take into account that the expectations of these participants may easily be exceeded resulting in high participant satisfaction outcomes regardless of the effectiveness and efficiency with which the tool is used. Satisfaction outcomes are influenced by the expectations participants have prior to the test. It could be interesting to measure and further investigate computer-anxiety and self-efficacy towards the use of the tested tool prior to and after usability testing in order to be able to put satisfaction outcomes into perspective.
Further research is necessary to gain more insight into the needs, preferences, capacities, values, and goals in relation to mHealth technology of people with low literacy skills, low educational levels and no or little experience with using mobile technology. Insight is also needed into what effects meeting these user requirements will have on actual future use of these tools by these specific populations.
Acknowlegdments
The authors would like to thank Anita Cremers PhD for her contribution to reflecting on the data from a designer perspective and Kees van der Veer PhD and Jan Pool PhD for helping them to think about the application of the TSTI method in low-educated populations.
Conflicts of Interest
None declared. 132