Page 38 - The clinical aspects and management of chronic migraine Judith Anne Pijpers

Chapter 2
Baseline characteristics for the four groups are shown in table 1. Because of differences in gender distribution and age distribution between the four groups (p < 0.001), all analyses were corrected for gender and age. As the LUMINA and NESDA cohorts had different assessments of educational level the analyses were not corrected for that socio-demographic characteristic.
Table 1 Descriptive characteristics of the LUMINA and NESDA sample
LUMINA NESDA
Migraine Current
patients psychopathology
patients N = 3174 N = 1129
Past psychopathology patients
N = 477
Healthy controls
N = 561
59.7%
41.5 ± 14.9
0%. 0% 0% 0% 0% 0%
. . .
. . . . . .
Gender (% female) 85.6% 64.0% Age (years± SD) 43.2 ± 11.7 42.7 ±
NESDA population characteristics
Current MDD (without anxiety . 25.4% disorder)
Current anxiety disorder (without . 33.1% MDD)
Current MDD & anxiety disorder . 41.5%
Lifetime MDD (without anxiety . 17.4% disorder)
Lifetime anxiety disorder (without . 16.7% MDD)
Lifetime MDD & anxiety disorder . 65.9%
LUMINA population characteristics
Migraine with aura 38.2% . Migraine without aura 61.8% . Mean age at onset (years ± SD) 19.3 ± 10.7 . Migraine attack frequency (migraine
days/year)
1-2 5.1%. 3-6 10.1% . 7-12 16.7% . 13-54 46.1% . 54+ 22.0% .
Cutaneous allodynia 70.0% .
MDD = Major depressive disorder
12.6
68.1% 44.6 ±
0% 0% 0% 45.7% 18.9% 35.4%
. . .
. . . . . .
13.2
36
In the first analysis (table 2) the four groups (migraine patients, healthy controls, persons with past psychopathology, and persons with current psychopathology) were compared using a multivariate linear regression analysis with adjustment for age and gender. There was a significant difference (p<0.001) between the four subgroups for the three symptoms dimensions (lack of positive affect (depression specific); negative affect (nonspecific); and somatic arousal (anxiety specific)).