Page 148 - Human Bile Acid Metabolism: a Postprandial Perspective
P. 148
Chapter 8
Panel 1: Tissues and cell types in which TGR5 mRNA is expressed in human beings7,8
Adipose tissue
• Brown adipocytes: increase transcription of deiodinase-2 and subsequent thyroid hormone-induced respiration1
Skeletal muscle
• Myocytes: increase transcription of deiodinase-2 and subsequent thyroid hormone- induced respiration1
Intestine
• Enteric neurons: decrease gastrointestinal motility10
• L cells: basolateral TGR5 activation stimulates GLP-1 release11
Pancreas
• β cells: increase glucose-dependent secretion of insulin12
Spleen
• Macrophages: decrease inflammatory cytokine response13
Gallbladder
• Cholangiocytes: increase secretion of chloride-rich fluid14
• Smooth muscle cells: cause dilatation and increase gallbladder filling14
Skin
• Neurons: relay itch signals15
Liver
• Kupffer cells: decrease inflammatory response9
• Sinusoidal endothelial cells: increase nitric oxide production16
Vascular wall
• Smooth muscle cells: increase arterial dilatation17
• Endothelial cells: decrease inflammatory response18
Stomach
• Enteric neurons: decrease gastrointestinal motility10
Bone marrow
• Haemopoietic cells: function unknown
Heart
• Cardiomyocytes: function unknown
Lung
• Macrophages: function unknown
Kidney
• Podocytes: function unknown
Brain
• Neurons: function unknown
• Astrocytes: function unknown
Tissues in which Tgr5 is expressed, but exact cell types and functions are unknown: thyroid, mammary, adrenal, prostate, and pituitary glands, placenta, and uterus.
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