Page 177 - Ultrasonography in Prehospital and Emergency Medicine - Rein Ketelaars
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                 Ultrasound
Echocardiography CPR HEMS
Prehospital echocardiography during resuscitation impacts treatment in a physician-staffed HEMS 175
tion. Overall, 36 (64%) died on-scene, 12 (21%) at the ED and five (8%) within 1–4 days after admittance. The latter group suffered from choking (n = 2), a cardiac event (n = 1), and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS, n = 2). Three patients (5%) survived and suffered from choking (n = 2), and a cardiac event (n = 1).
102 Ultrasound examinations were documented in 56 patients. Image quality was reported good (n = 60, 59%), moderate (n = 30, 29%) or poor (n = 12, 12%). The reported ease of the entire procedure (n = 40), comprising of one or more ultrasound examinations, was a median of 7 (IQR 5.50–9.00). In adults, image quality and ease of examinations were weakly negatively correlated to body weight, respectively r = –.381 (r2 = .145; p < .001) and r = –.347 (r2 = .120; p=.045),asdisplayedinFigure8.2. easeandweight(adults)
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                                             Figure 8.2
0 50 100 150 weight (kg)
Scatterplot of adults’ weight (18 years and over) and the ease of performing echocardiography during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
NRS, numeric rating scale (1–10); r = –.347 (p = .045).
Diagnoses made with echocardiography are displayed in Table 8.3. Additional ultrasound findings of chest and abdomen were pneumothorax (five patients, 9%), pleural cavity free fluid (two patients, 4%), intraperitoneal space free fluid (four patients, 7%), collapse of the inferior vena cava (one patient, 2%) and other (fractured spleen, hypertrophic ventricle, ab- sent lung sliding because of esophageal intubation; three patients, 5%).
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ease of procedure (NRS)
 
















































































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