Page 14 - Maximizing the efficacy of ankle foot orthoses in children with cerebral palsy

Chapter I
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IC cTO MSt cIC TO cMSt IC
Figure 1.1. The gait cycle, divided into the stance phase (i.e. initial contact to toe-off) and the swing phase (toe-off to initial contact). The phase between initial contact and contralateral toe-off is referred to as the loading response. Following loading response, the leading leg progresses towards midstance, which is defined as the moment of the contralateral leg passing the stance leg. The contralateral leg swings in front of the leading leg, until contralateral initial contact occurs. Within a small period of double support, the weight is shifted from the trailing leg to the contralateral leg, also referred to as preswing or push off. This is followed by the moment of toe-off, which concludes the leg’s transition from the stance phase into the swing phase. In swing, the leg passes the contralateral leg at contralateral midstance to continue to initial contact to start a new gait cycle. The magenta line indicates the course of the ground reaction force, and its alignment with respect to the joints during normal walking. The center of pressure starts at the heel and slowly progresses towards the hallux as the stance phase continues.
Abbreviations: IC, initial contact; cTO, contralateral toe-off; MSt, midstance; cIC, contralateral initial contact; TO, toe-off; cMst, contralateral midstance.
Stance
Swing Stride