Page 109 - Advanced concepts in orbital wall fractures

Measurement tools
1. Fractures were classified according to the extended version of the Jaquiéry classification using the CT scan from the first visit6. The position of the fracture (orbital floor and/or medial wall) was also noted.
2. Exophthalmometry was measured by an experienced clinician using the Hertel exophthalmometer41. Enophthalmos of >2 mm was considered to be clinically significant.
3. The field of binocular single vision (BSV) was measured with a motility perimeter using an III4e light target41. The BSV was then scored at a score sheet from 0 to 100 points (Fig. 2)43-45.
4. The motility perimeter was also used to measure the ductions in all four directions of gaze - abduction, adduction, elevation, and depression. Care was taken to secure the head position of the patient accurately in the primary position46. For assessing ductions the mean difference in degrees between the affected and unaffected side was measured for the horizontal gaze (abduction + adduction) and the vertical gaze (elevation + depression).
5. The QoL questionnaire comprised the first eight questions C of an existing diplopia QoL questionnaire used for Graves 6 ophthalmopathy44,47. The questions focused on the degree of
impairment of daily life activities due to the diplopia. Based
on the answers, the final scores varied from 0 (completely incapacitating) to 100 (no impairment at all).
Statistical analysis
All data were noted on patient-specific forms in both hospitals and collected in a database in Amsterdam. To adhere to data safety regulations, the results were anonymised. Statistical data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics (version 25.0; IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Patient characteristics were described using descriptive statistics and the Fisher exact test was used to compare the nonsurgical and surgical group. Both mean and standard deviation were used to describe the continuous data for the general outcome at the end of follow-up. The Friedman test and post-hoc Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used to
Clinical perspective
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