Page 35 - Second language development of newly arrived migrant kindergarteners - Frederike Groothoff

Theoretical perspectives 35 Celce-Murcia (2007) article as well as personal communication with Zoltán Dörnyei (March 2018). Canale and Swain (1980) argued that in a communicative approach there must be an integration of multiple competences and thus no emphasis on one form over the other. Canale and Swain also acknowledge that certain aspects of each type of competence can be studied independently. However, investigating communicative competence would ideally not be done by testing isolated linguistic elements; instead, complete speech is recommended to be used.