Page 82 - Impact of implant retained overdenture treatment and speech, oromyofunction, social participation and quality of life.

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Chapter 3
Statistical analysis
The Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to compare intra- patient changes in number of articulation disorders, oral health-related quality of life, and satisfaction with their speech and their overall oral health, between the different phases of the treatment. To compare the type of articulation disorders, the McNemar’s test was performed. The Cohen’s kappa coefficient was used to rate the inter-rater reliability. The Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons was applied and all significance levels were set at α = 0.05/3 (= 0.0167). SPSS Statistics 27 (IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 27.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) was used to analyse the data. A post hoc power analysis indicated 72% to 100% power for the speech related variables.
The authors state compliance with the STROBE checklist.
Results
Articulation
The type and number of articulation disorders (with definition) measured with the picture naming test and the interrater reliability of the consensus evaluation, is displayed in table 2. The interrater reliability of the two SLPs was high for all speech sounds (80.3%-100%). Overall distortions of the /s/, /z/, /t/, /d/, /l/, /n/, /r/ and were found. In the first phase, patients with CD (with palatal coverage) show mainly distortions of the /s/ and /z/ sounds (resp. 10/21; 47.6% and 3/21; 14.3%). When the IOD was connected to the bar, the palatal coverage was removed. At this moment, the number of articulation disorders observed declined ( /s/ (5/20; 25%) and /z/ (1/20; 5%). After a follow-up period of 3 years, subjects presented again mainly with distortions of the /s/ (6/16; 37.5%) and /z/ (2/16; 12.5%) sound.
The number of articulation disorders per patient measured with the PNT declined clinically between the CD phase (mean = 1.00) and IOD phase (mean = 0.55). During the 3-year follow-up an increase was observed in comparison with the first two phases (mean = 1.13). There were no statistically significant results in the type or the number of articulation disorders between the different phases of treatment and follow-up.