Page 124 - Impact of implant retained overdenture treatment and speech, oromyofunction, social participation and quality of life.

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Chapter 5
Personality
The Dutch version of the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI, McCrae & Costa, 2004) was used to assess patients’ personality. The NEO-FFI assesses the traits of Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to experience, Agreeableness and Conscientiousness, using 60 items (12 items per trait) adopting a five-point rating scale, with as scale-anchors ‘strongly disagree’, ‘disagree’, ‘neutral’, ‘agree’, and ‘strongly agree’ 30.
Quality of life
Oral health related quality of life was measured using the Dutch version of the shortened Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) 28,31 using 14 items to be rated on a Likert-scale ranging from 0 (no discomfort) to 4 (high discomfort). Items were grouped in the domains of functional limitation, physical pain, psychological discomfort, physical disability, psychological disability, social disability and handicap. Also a total OHIP-14 score was computed across all items, with a score of 56/56 indicative of maximal negative appreciation and 0/56 indicative of no issues at all.
Social participation
The Maastricht Social Participation Profile (MSPP) 32 is a Dutch scale measuring social participation of adults older than 60 years with a chronic disease. The scale consists of four indices: consumptive participation, formal social participation, informal social participation-acquaintances and informal social participation- family. Each index measures diversity and frequency of participation. All items can be scored using 4 options (‘not at all’, ‘less than once a week’, ‘once or twice a week’, ‘more than twice a week’).
Statistical analysis
SPSS statistics 25 (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 25.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp) was used for the analysis of the data. Mann-Whitney U and chi- square tests were used to detect differences between the drop-out group and the continuing patients and the differences between the two study groups. Agreement across informants (self and observer) was evaluated by Pearson correlations. Differences between assessments before and after treatment were explored using a Wilcoxon Matched Pairs test. The influence of personality traits on quality of life and social participation was assessed using multiple