Page 145 - Latent Defect or Excessive Price?Exploring Early Modern Legal Approach to Remedying Defects in Goods Exchanged for Money - Bruijn

EARLY MODERN CASTILIAN LAW
ius commune in the sense that the remedy for lesion beyond moiety gained a wide field of application. The Nueva Recopilación explicitly indicates that 'the same \[vid. the remedy for lesion beyond moiety\] has to be observed in lease and barter and other similar contracts'.298 Gómez and Piñel have the same, as does Azevedo in his comments to the law just cited.299 Finally, the practicioner Villadiego contends that the ius commune-tradition persisted in Castilian legal practice. It is a remedy 'which is granted to buyers and sellers... \[111\] and not only has a place in sales but also in all other bona fide contracts, such as barter and lease'.300
According to Piñel, the remedy can be brought in all contracts, even in those of strict law. Unlike his medieval predecessors, he underpins the remedy's extension by stating that all contracts are governed by equity. C. 4.44.2, according to which parties should not be prejudiced for more than half the thing's just price, provides a concrete example of what equity entails.301 Though Piñel does not say so explicitly, it is tempting to think that theories of contemporary theologians triggered this deductive reasoning. He uses the same argument for extension to movables.302
Also in keeping with medieval ius commune the Nueva Recopilación extends the remedy for lesion beyond moiety to buyers, as is also noted and subscribed to by Piñel and Azevedo.303 Similarly, Castilian civil law extends the remedy to movables. Though the
298 Nueva Recopilación 5.11.1: ...y esto mismo debe ser quardado en las rentas y en los cambios y en los otros contratos semejables.
299 Gómez, Variae resolutiones, lib. 2, cap. 2, no. 22, p. 218: 'Item adde, prosequendo materiam, quod praedictum remedium l. 2 \[C. 4.44.2\] nedum habet locum in contractu emptionis et venditionis, sed etiam in aliis contractibus bonae fidei, ut permutatione, locatione, divisione, et similibus, ita probat textus in leg. in contractibus, Cod.ex quib. causis maior \[C. 2.53.3\] et ibi tenet glossa ordinaria... et idem disponit praedicta lex ordinaria \[L. 5.7.4 Royal Ordinances of Castile\]'; Padilla y Meneses argues in keeping with medieval ius commune. Padilla y Meneses, In quaedam, to C. 4.44.2, no. 13, fo. 73v; Albornoz, Arte, tit. vii, cap. i, p. 55: lo qual haia lugar en los contractos de Arrendamiento y Trueco (y en todos contractos semejantes...)'; Molina, Opera omnia, vol. 2, disp. 349, no. 14, p. 231: 'Praedicta locum habent non solum in emptione et venditione, sed etiam in locationibus, permutationib. et cambiis et reliquis bone fidei contractibus. Ita probat l. majoribus C. de communia utriusque jud. et affirmat communis opinio, quam Anton. Gom. ubi supra nr. 22 refert. et Aries Pinel, l. 2, C. de rescind. vend. part. 1, c. 3, n. 17, estque definitum in hoc regno l. 1, tit. 11, lib. novae collect. et in Lusitano tit. 30 citato, § 2'; Azevedo, Commentarii, gloss de la cosa to Nueva Recopilación 5.11.1, nos. 2-3, p. 343: 'Imo et in omnibus contractibus bonae fidei lex nostra procedit secundum gloss et omnes in d.l. 2, C. de resc. ven. \[C. 4.44.2\]'.
300 Villadiego Vascuñana y Montoya, Instrucción, ch. 7, nos. 110-111, fo. 154v: '...que se recibe por los compradores o vendedores...\[111\] y aura lugar no solo en os contratos de compra y venta, sino en todos los demás bonae fidei como de permutación, locación y conducción'.
301 Pinelus, Ad rubricam, to C. 4.44.2, 1, 3.7, p. 197 \[extension to contracts stricti iuris\]: \[6\] 'Nam et in contractibus stricti iuris militat aequitas in qua haec l. \[C. 4.44.2\] fundatur'.
302 Piñel, Ad rubricam, to C. 4.44.2, 2, 2.17, pp. 286-287. Piñel was aware of the works of early modern scholastics, as is proven by his reference to Azpilcueta. See Pinelus, Ad rubricam, to C. 4.44.2, 1, 1.1, p. 149; ibidem, no. 38, p. 171..
303 Nueva Recopilación 5.11.1: ... o el comprador diere, que lo que valió diez dió por ello mas de quince..., in: Los códigos españoles, vol. 9, p. 308; Pinelus, Ad rubricam, to C. 4.44.2, 2, 3.31: 'Gloss. et DD. ibi \[D. 19.1.20\] intelligere videntur ea verba significare quod apud veteres appellatione emptionis comprehendatur venditio et contra... Quae communis interpretatio vera et tenenda est'; Azevedo, Commentarii, gloss o comprador to Nueva Recopilación 5.11.1, no. 1, p. 344: 'Ibi \[Nueva Recopilación 5.11.1\] O comprador. Nam ita ei sicut venditori competit legis huius remedium ex text. hic et ex l. 50, tit. 5, partit. 5. et communi in l. 2, C. de resc. ven. \[C. 4.44.2\]; Padilla y Meneses argues in keeping with
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