Page 146 - Helicobacter pylori and Gastric Cancer: From Tumor microenvironment to Immunotherapy

Introduction
Earth’s gravitational field predominate life evolution and has contributed to all biological systems architecture determinedly. It is hence not astonishing that abrupt variations in microgravity can lead to divergences in the regular functions of life and immune system. According to Brian Crucian in the NASA biological studies. The immune system of space crew members can be impaired by things like microgravity, radiation, microbes, and altered sleep cycles. And if conditions persist for a more extended period during a space mission, it could mimic chances of higher risk of infection, autoimmune disease and hypersensitivity for space explorers.
Microgravity influences the human body system actively which might lead to wide range of symptoms that are deconditioning such as immune system deterioration, impaired cardiovascular system performance, demineralization of the bone and neurovestibular altered perception[1]. In short-term, space traveler presented depression of immune system, T lymphocytes reduced activation and virus latent reactivation[2, 3]. Prevailing strategies to establish a framework of infrastructure for profitable spaceports with the goa,l of creating spaceflight accessible and affordable to retail consumers advocate that we can anticipate spaceflight to increasingly become open to the public in nearest future[4]. A vital means to travel across the globe will be through suborbital flights. As increasing commercial enterprises are already booking spaceflight experiences for paying customers, physicians may expect patients are inquiring about the risks or fitness for space travel [4, 5]. There is a need for extensive medical screening of intended travelers since a trip to the International Space Station takes two to three weeks[6]. Furthermore, aside from the physiological[5] and clinical implications of human spaceflight[4], exposure to microgravity[7], as well as to the hastening forces during launch and landing[8], all this will have an impact on both human microbiomes and immune system. In addition to microgravity, humans encounter cosmic and solar radiation which is a unique environmental condition during spaceflight. Astronauts experience an increased risk of infection due to the impaired immune system as a result of changes in space ecological condition.
The constant pathogenic organisms threat and the resulting evolutionary pressure to develop defenses against these challenges have resulted in an array of collaborative defensive cell systems, consisting of amongst others phagocytes and versatile B and T cell frameworks which are collectively summarized under the wide denominator immunity. The human immune system, similar to all cellular frameworks in our body,
Chapter 7
Chapter 7
140
144