Page 31 - 2015-09-01 AMC Steeneke.pptx

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Exposure to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes also comes from other sources than the diet.
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Descriptionofthecategory Alphatic
Name
Structure
Sources
red wine [1], tabacco smoke [2]
red wine [1], tabacco smoke [2]
banana [1], fig [17]
grape, orange [1]
cucumber [18]
black tea [19]
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essence perceived as being ‘physiological’. By supervising low risk pregnancies, births and postnatal periods in primary maternity care, and only cases of (expected) complications/pathology in secondary maternity care, the various maternity care professionals’ expertise can be applied to its full potential [11]. To
products including 2-propenal, 4-hydroxy-2-alkenals, and malondialdehyde [16].
β
various maternity care professionals. Currently the third revision of this list, published in 2003, is in use.
2,6,6-trimethylcycloh
Table 1.1 Examples of food-borne α,β-unsaturated aldehydes listed in accordance with the
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This thesis is specifically focusing on primary maternity care, with the abovementioned primary care midwives as the main care providers. Approximately 77% of the 2444 midwives in the Netherlands provide this type of
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2-propenal (acrolein)
tabacco smoke
trans-2-hexenal trans-2-octenal
trans-2-cis-6-nonadie nal 2-methylcrotonaldehy
cacao, cofofestee,r an environment that offers help and support for physical and mental health meat prodaus cwtsell as social and cultural issues that can affect health and wellbeing.
care [12]. Between 1999 and 2012, the majority of pregnant women in the Netherlands (83.2%) had their first maternity care check-up in a primary care
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This introductory chapter provides background information on the organisation of Netherlands (83.2%) had their first maternity care check-up in a primary care
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Name Structure
Sources
red wine [1],
population density [9]. Secondary and tertiary care is provided by obstetricians
and specialised ‘clinical’ midwives in general (secondary care) and academic 1 hospitals (tertiary care) [10].
One of the basic pillars of the Dutch maternity care system is risk selection. Risk selection is conducted at primary care level by only referring women and newborns with complications or an increased risk for developing complications to secondary care. Thus these primary maternity care professionals serve as gatekeepers to secondary maternity care. The basic principle behind risk selection is that in the Netherlands, pregnancy, childbirth and the postnatal period are in essence perceived as being ‘physiological’. By supervising low risk pregnancies, births and postnatal periods in primary maternity care, and only cases of (expected) complications/pathology in secondary maternity care, the various maternity care professionals’ expertise can be applied to its full potential [11]. To guide the risk selection, the indications for referral to and consultation of secondary care are defined in the List of Obstetric Indications (Verloskundige IndicatieLijst)–alistbasedonscientificevidenceandconsensusamongthe various maternity care professionals. Currently the third revision of this list, published in 2003, is in use.
α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes are rapidly absorbed, distributed, metabolized and excreted in urine,
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n mechanism, yields lipid hydroperoxides as major initial reaction
2-Propenal (acrolein) and 2-butenal (crotonaldehyde) for example are produced during α,β-unsaturation in p-mentha-1,8-dien-7-
α,β-unsaturation in side chain
α,β-unsaturation in ring/side chain
more complex
Cinnamyl aldehyde
2-phenyl-2-alkenals cassia
p-mentha-1,8(10)-die n-9-al
p-mentha-1,8-dien-7- al
2,6,6-trimethylcycloh exa-1,3-diene-1- carbaldehyde
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1
One of the basic pillars of the Dutch maternity care system is risk selection. Risk
combustion of organic materials and therefore found in all types of smoke including cigarette
selection is conducted at primary care level by only referring women and
smoke and exhaust from engines [2, 10]. 2-Propenal is present at 25 – 140 μg/cigarette in the gas ring/side chain al
newborns with complications or an increased risk for developing complications to
a number of degradation de [16].
Paginarand
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and 34.2% gave birth in a primary care setting [13]. red wine [1],
Furfural derivatives
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Other sulphur containing substances
[21]
Furthermore, it offers new parents support for parenting and the responsibilities that come with it [2]. Despite these advantages and the universal accessibility of prenatal and postnatal care, previous studies in the Netherlands have demonstrated that non-western women from various ethnic origins are more likely to make inadequate use of these services [3-7].
Research conducted so far, has not been able to give a complete understanding of non-western women’s prenatal and postnatal care utilisation in the Netherlands. Filling this gap in knowledge and understanding provided the main rationale for conducting this study. The second rationale was gaining insight into the interactions between non-western women and the maternity care professionals involved, as this may affect the utilisation of prenatal and postnatal care.
Paginaran
Prima2ry-bmuidwteifneraylcareincludescareprovidedduringpregnancy(prenatalcare),
neral (secondary care) and academic
1
General Introduction
2-alkylated aldehydes withorwithout de
childbirth (natal care) and after birth (postnatal/postpartum care). Prena(tcalrocatreonenacolmdpeahssyesdseup)ervision of pregnant women from pregnancy confirmation during the prenatal period until birth. It consists of an intake and several follow-up visits in which diagnostic, counseling and health education
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-unsaturated aldehydes also comes from other sources than the diet. Alicyclic
Binnen werk
α,β-unsaturation in p-mentha-1,8(10)-die side chain n-9-al
Meerdere grafische uitingen tegen meerprijs
nd 2-butenal (crotonaldehyde) for example are produced during
1
aterials and therefore found in all types of smoke including cigarette engines [2, 10]. 2-Propenal is present at 25 – 140 μg/cigarette in the gas
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General introduction
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This thesis is specifically focusing on primary maternity care, with the abovementioned primary care midwives as the main care providers. Approximately 77% of the 2444 midwives in the Netherlands provide this type of care [12]. Between 1999 and 2012, the majority of pregnant women in the
Cinnamyl
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non-western women in the Netherlands. In addition, information is given about
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Chapter 1 9 trans-2-cis-6-nonadie
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One of the basic pillars of the Dutch maternity care system is risk selection. Risk 811 Non-western women in maternity care in the Netherlands Chapter 1 9
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dbirtcihtral a(mnixtdure tofhe postnatal period are in as well as social and cultural issues that can affect health and wellbeing.
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prenatal and postnatal care,
previous studies in the Netherlands have
maternity care professionals’ expertise can be applied to its full potential [11]. To
ienal blueberry [20] faeces and expired air. When male Wistar rats were exposed to 100 mg/kg bw of 14C labelled egcroanfidasrcyhmeautietrinnitgyecna:re, the various demonstrated that non-western women from various ethnic origins are more
• paginacijfers
secondary care are defined in the List of Obstetric Indications (Verloskundige
al trans-2-trans-4-octad koptekst
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General Introduction
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made between the 6th and 8th week of pregnancy [14]. Throughout pregnancy 10 [17] zijkant boek among non-western women and the utilisation of prenatal and postnatal care by and 34.2% gave birth in a primary care setting [13]. 1
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activities are performed. According to the standards of the Royal Dutch Organisation of Midwives (KNOV), the first prenatal visit (intake) should ideally be made between the 6th and 8th week of pregnancy [14]. Throughout pregnancy 10 to 16 prenatal visits should ideally be made, with an average of 13, depending on necessary medical care and the needs and expectations of clients. In the first
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Skilled professional care for
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obstetricians the aim, research questions and theoretical framework of the research presented Primary midwifery care includes care provided during pregnancy (prenatal care),
s ty c
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secondary care. Thus these primary maternity care professionals serve as
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• koptekst
guide the risk selection, the indications for referral to and consultation of
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