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publications cited. Equations were included when based on body weight, height, age (children and adults), sex, FFM, and/or FM. Exclusion criteria were as follows: age range (age range <12 year or only elderly), only one sex, patients, normal weight based on Cole et al. (14), (not applicable to large databases of Harris and Benedict, Schofield and Oxford), insufficient information, only a nomogram, only a specific ethnic group (other than White), small sample size (n<50), impractical or suspect body composition as variable, glucose concentrations or diabetes mellitus as variable, total energy expenditure, athletes and duplicate publications. For each subject, the REE was predicted by the selected equations in kcal/day and compared with measured REE. The actual body weight at the time of the indirect calorimetry measurement was used for this calculation.
Statistics
Subject characteristics were analyzed by independent-samples t-test. The percentage of subjects that had a REE predicted within +10% of REE measured was considered a measure of accuracy at an individual level (17). A prediction of 90-110% of REE measured was considered an accurate prediction, a prediction <90% of REE measured was classified as an underestimation, and a prediction >110% of REE measured was classified as an overestimation. The mean percentage difference between REE predicted and REE measured (bias) was considered a measure of accuracy on a group level. The root mean squared prediction error (RMSE) was used to indicate how well the model predicted in our dataset (18,19). Data were analyzed by using SPSS 15.0 (SPSS Inv, Chicago, IL) and RMSE with Excell (Microsoft Office Excel 2003; Amsterdam, the Netherlands).
Results
A total of 125 adolescents participated in this study. Four of these subjects were excluded because of incomplete data, which was due to a body weight higher than allowed for DXA (>125 kg). Subject characteristics of the 121 (70 females, 51 males) adolescents, by sex and ethnicity, are shown in Table 1. According to the criteria of Cole et al. (14), 4 of the 70 girls and 6 of the 51 boys were overweight, and the other children were obese. Girls had a significantly higher BMI (p=0.043; 95% CI: 0.053, 3.42), body fat percentage (p<0.001; 95% CI: 1.78, 4.52) and FM (p=0.015; 95% CI: 0.77, 6.93) than did boys. The REE (in kcal/day) was 10% lower and in kcal/kg body weight was 12.5% lower in girls than in boys (both p<0.001).
Resting energy expenditure
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