Page 113 - Development of Functional Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Using 3D-Bioprinting of Cells and Biomaterials - Yasaman Zamani
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 Figure 2. Cell retention and viability in cell-seeded and bioprinted PLGA/β-TCP scaffolds. (a) Cell retention was measured 16 h after seeding and printing. Cell retention was 51 ± 5% in the cell-seeded and 87 ± 3% in the bioprinted scaffold. (b) Cell viability was measured using live/dead staining images 16 h after seeding and printing. Cell viability was 87 ± 2% in the cell-seeded and 78 ± 4% in the bioprinted scaffold. (c) Live/dead staining images of cell-seeded and bioprinted PLGA/β-TCP scaffolds. Lower cellular density was observed in the cell-seeded scaffold compared with the bioprinted scaffold. Scale bar, 200 μm. Green dots, live cells; red dots, dead cells. Values are mean ± SD (n=3). *Significantly different from the other group, p<0.05, ***p<0.001.
MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblasts proliferation and collagenous matrix deposition in cell-seeded and bioprinted PLGA/β-TCP scaffolds
Cell proliferation in cell-seeded and bioprinted PLGA/β-TCP scaffolds was assessed after 7, 14, and 21 days of culture, and compared relative to day 1 (Fig. 3a). Cell proliferation was higher in the cell-seeded scaffold (day 7: 2.5-fold, day 14: 4.0-fold, day 21: 4.7-fold) compared with the bioprinted scaffold (day 7: 1.2-fold, day 14: 2.1-fold, day 21: 3.9-fold). The difference in cell proliferation between the two scaffold types was more pronounced at day 14 and reduced at day 21. After 21 days of culture, the voids between the PLGA/β-TCP struts were covered to the same extent with cell-deposited collagenous matrix in both cell-seeded and bioprinted scaffolds (Fig. 3b).
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