Page 112 - The SpeakTeach method - Esther de Vrind
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Chapter 5. Perspective of the teachers – professional development
 Figure 9 The trajectory toward adaptive expertise balances efficiency and innovation via the optimal adaptability corridor. Source: reprinted from Bransford, Derry, Berliner, & Hammerness (2005: 49).
Principle 1: Modularity
How can you take existing practice as a starting point and still innovate in the direction of the desired innovation? This may be realized through modular innovation. Modularity denotes a general strategy in which a complex system or activity is broken up into parts, or modules, and recombined to generate new combinations and to reform the system concerned (Holland, 2012; Janssen et al., 2015: 139). Innovations in complex man-made systems such as cars, houses and computers are often based on slight adaptations and or recombinations of existing components. For example, with the same set of components for houses, like walls, windows, floors, rooms and roofs, we can generate an incredible variety of houses through recombination and adaption. Typical modules for computers are, for instance, power supply units, processors, mainboard, graphics cards et cetera. Many different computer models can be built by recombining and adapting these modules.
In short, innovation can be achieved through recombination and adaptation of existing modules or building blocks. This innovation strategy is both generative and efficient. It is generative because with only a limited number of modules, a great diversity of new situations can be formulated. It is an efficient way of innovating, since it re-uses already existing components (Holland, 2012).
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