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Chapter 4
health information [15]. If low-educated patients would be able to complete standardized health-related questionnaires independently and accurately, this might help them to provide relevant information on their health problem in a way that is logical and understandable to their HCP.
The content of the most frequently used questionnaire in Dutch physical therapy practice [16], the Patient Specific-Complaint (PSC) questionnaire [17], fits the goal of helping patients to provide relevant information regarding their health problem to their physical therapist. It is aimed at making the patient select his main limitations in functioning and formulate his own specific treatment goals. This paper-based questionnaire is responsive and sensitive to change to complaints that are highly relevant to the individual patient [17,18]. However, all members of the Dutch study sample of a recent study on the PSC questionnaire had problems completing it independently. All these 25 respondents, whose education levels varied from primary education to doctoral degrees, had trouble comprehending and interpreting one or more parts of the questionnaire. Six of them had difficulties finding a well-fitting answer to one or more questions. Due to these problems, the questionnaire generated invalid information in thirteen cases. Within the group respondents who provided invalid information, patients with no or primary education only were overrepresented [19].
The Dutch PSC questionnaire [17] was used as a starting point for the development of a user-friendly health-related questionnaire that meets the needs of low-educated physical therapy patients. This aim was met by using plain language and taking advantage of the possibilities of information and communication technology (ICT) by offering alternatives to text (e.g., audio, pictures, and movies), self- explanatory scales, and easily accessible background information on the questionnaire’s rationale. This resulted in the prototype of a new interactive questionnaire called the Dutch Talking Touch Screen Questionnaire (DTTSQ). The co-design process that led to the development of this prototype was described in detail by Cremers et al in 2015 [20].
Objective
The aim of this study was to get a first impression of the validity of 86





























































































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