Page 89 - When surgery alone won’t cut it - Valerie Maureen Monpellier
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undergone plastic surgery for overhanging skin. Current body weight was also as- sessed here.
Body image
The Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) was used to evaluate concerns about body shape 36. This questionnaire consists of 16 questions, to be answered on a 6-point Likert scale; resulting in a total score ranging from 16 to 96 points. A higher score means more concerns about body shape (Table 1). The BSQ has been used for both obese and post-bariatric population and has shown good validity and reliability 36-38.
The Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire-Appearance Scales (MBSRQ-AS) gives insight in body image concerns; it has good validity and reliability 39,40. The MBSRQ-AS has been used in both bariatric and body contouring popula- tions 23,32,41. This questionnaire consists of 34 items which are scored on a 5-point Likert scale; for each subscale scores range from 1-5 points (Table 1). There are 5 subscales:
1. appearance evaluation: assesses feelings of physical attractiveness (high- er score indicates more positive feelings of attractiveness)
2. appearance orientation: assesses extend of investment in appearance (higher score indicates more investment)
3. overweight preoccupation: reflects the preoccupation with overweight cognitions (higher score indicates more preoccupation)
4. self-classified weight: reflects how the patient perceives and labels body weight (higher score indicates higher body weight)
5. body-area satisfaction scale: satisfaction with several aspects of appear- ance (higher score indicates more satisfaction).
Depressive symptoms
The Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms 42,43. The questionnaire consists of 21 items, and each item can be scored from 0 to 3 points (Table 1). A score below 13 indicates no or minimal depressive symptoms, a score between 14 and 19 indicates light symptoms, a score between 20-28 indicates moderate symptoms and a score above 29 indicates severe depressive symptoms 42.
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