Page 37 - New epidemiological and PSMA-expression based paradigms in salivary gland tumors
P. 37

Table 3. Multivariate analysis of factors possibly associated with recurrence
Salivary gland pleomorphic adenoma in the Netherlands
 Complete-case analysis
β-Coefficient SE (of β)
OR (95% CI)
4.62 (2.84 to 7.51) 4.08 (2.24 to 7.43) 1.16 (0.75 to 1.81) 0.42 (0.29 to 0.63)
0.36 (0.11 to 1.16) 0.24 (0.07 to 0.77) 1.13 (0.47 to 2.73)
OR (95% CI)
4.35 (2.75 to 6.96) 3.98 (2.23 to 7.10) 0.93 (0.63 to 1.35) 0.96 (0.95 to 0.97)
0.71 (0.34 to 1.51) 0.42 (0.20 to 0.89) 1.28 (0.59 to 2.75)
p-value
<0.001 <0.001 0.501 <0.001
0.087 0.016 0.778
p-value
<0.001 <0.001 0.711 <0.001
0.374 0.024 0.535
for 1 interquartile
  Resection margins
Negative Reference Positive 1.53
Uncertain 1.41 Female -0.15 Age * -0.86 Location
Parotid gland Reference Submandibular gland -1.02 Minor gland -1.44 Deep lobe of parotid gland 0.13
0.25 0.31 0.23 0.18
0.60 0.60 0.45
2
  Resection margins Negative
Positive
Uncertain Female
Age
Location Parotid gland
Submandibular gland Minor gland
Deep lobe of parotid gland
Reference 1.47
1.38 -0.07 -0.04
Reference -0.34 -0.86
0.24
0.24 0.29 0.19 0.01
0.38 0.38 0.39
Imputed analysis
β-Estimate SE
   Abbreviations: OR odds ratio ; SE standard error; CI range (25 years) of change.
confidence interval, * β and OR
Interestingly, SGPA ESR in 2012 was 4.7 per 100 000 person-years, whereas salivary-gland cancer ESR in 2010 was 0.74 [11]. These figures indicate that any salivary gland lump is 6.5 times more likely to be SGPA than carcinoma.
The 1% annual increase of SGPA ESR in women was a remarkable finding, as was the female preponderance of SGPA. Possibly, women are more aware of their appearance than men and more willing to seek medical attention for any lumps they find [24–26]. On the other hand, there may also be an influence of gonadal hormones, as in breast cancer, since SGPA is known to express estrogen and progesterone receptors [27,28]. Salivary gland neoplasms have been associated with breast cancer before [29]. One risk factor for breast cancer is advanced maternal age at first childbirth [30–32]. In the Netherlands, this age rose from 28.0 to 29.4 in the period we investigated [18]. A link with the increase we found in female SGPA incidence is not inconceivable.
35
 






















































   35   36   37   38   39