Page 108 - Personality disorders and insecure attachment among adolescents

Muehlenkamp, 2007) and motivate them to diminish their self-injurious behaviour. A comparison of NSSI information in daily reports with NSSI-BQ scores (see appendix 2) confirmed that NSSI can be registered using a self-report questionnaire. In two thirds of the cases, there was agreement between the department reports and the patients, and the cases without agreement primarily involved NSSI that was reported by the patient but not recorded by the practitioner.
SCL-90
The authorized Dutch version of the Symptom Check List 90 (SCL-90) (Arrindell & Ettema, 2003; Derogatis, Lipman, & Covi, 1973) is a questionnaire with 90 questions and a five-point rating scale ranging from one (not at all) to five (extreme). This questionnaire assesses general psychological distress and specific primary psychological symptoms of distress from the last week. Outcome scores are divided into nine symptom subscales: anxiety, agoraphobia, depression, somatization, insufficient thinking and handling, distrust and interpersonal sensitivity, hostility, sleeping disorders, and rest. The total score (range 90–450) is calculated by adding the scores of the subscales. The test-retest reliability was reasonable to good (k = .62 -0.91) (Arrindell & Ettema, 2003).
CERQ
The Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ) (Garnefski, Kraaij, & Spinhoven, 2002) is a questionnaire of 36 items that can be answered on a five-point Likert scale ranging from one (almost never) to five (almost always). The questions refer to an individual’s thoughts after experiencing threatening or stressful events. The items are proportionally divided into nine scales: self-blame, other blame, rumination, catastrophizing, positive refocusing, positive reappraisal, acceptance, putting into perspective, and planning. Previous research on cognitive emotion regulation strategies has shown that all subscales have good internal consistencies ranging from .68 to .86 (Garnefski et al., 2002).
VKP
The Dutch Questionnaire for Personality Characteristics (Vragenlijst voor Kenmerken van de Persoonlijkheid) (VKP) (Duijsens, Eurelings-Bontekoe, & Diekstra, 1996) is a questionnaire of 197 questions with answers of ‘true’ or ‘false’. The purpose of the VKP is to screen for personality disorders according to the DSM-IV. The VKP is acknowledged for its high sensitivity and low specificity (Duijsens et al., 1996) and therefore is recommended (Dingemans & Sno, 2004) as a screening instrument for the Dutch version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM personality disorders (SCID-II) (Spitzer, Williams, Gibbon, & First, 1990). The outcome of the VKP indicates which SCID-II personality disorder sections should be used. In addition, the test-retest reliability (Cohen’s Kappa) of the VKP on categorical diagnoses was moderate (k = .40) (Duijsens et al., 1996). SCID-II
The SCID-II (Spitzer et al., 1990) is a structured interview with 134 questions. The purpose of this interview is to establish the ten DSM-IV Axis II personality disorders, and depressive and passive- aggressive personality disorder. The language and diagnostic coverage make the SCID-II most
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