Page 51 - Impact of implant retained overdenture treatment and speech, oromyofunction, social participation and quality of life.
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 Speech, OMF and OHRQoL in OD treatment in the mandible
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  Fig. 2 Implant retained bar (a) and overdenture attachment in the mandible (b)
Methods
The evaluation of the subjects took place in a clinical examination room with as minimal background noise as possible. Patients were evaluated with their new conventional denture; secondly with the provisional relined denture on average 3 months after surgery and finally with the implant-retained overdenture after 3 months. This adaptation period was also used in previous studies and was required for healing of the implants.14 The subjects were invited to participate by the speech-language pathologist (SLP) (E.F.), who worked independent from the dentists. The test protocol (camera position, test items and score form) was identical for each testing. The adaptation time to the new oral situation is displayed in table 1. The whole test took approximately 20 minutes.
Articulation
To evaluate different speech sounds patients were asked to name a series of 135 full color pictures on white background, based on the protocol used in Van Borsel et al. 1995.28 This test contains all Dutch speech sounds in all possible syllable positions and the most frequently occurring consonant clusters. Next, they were asked to read words and sentences aloud especially containing the /s/, /z/, /ʃ/ (as in show), /ʒ/ (as in garage), /t/, /d/, /n/, /l/, /r/ and /f/ sounds, based on the protocol of Jacobs et al. 2001.12 Both naming and reading are evaluated because the way of presenting the target words can possibly affect
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