Page 103 - Impact of implant retained overdenture treatment and speech, oromyofunction, social participation and quality of life.

Speech, OMF and OHRQoL in OD on MDI in the maxilla
/s/ sound with insufficient frication), sigmatismus stridens (production of the /s/ with a whistle), disturbed /ʃ/ (as in the word ‘show’) and the /Ӡ/ (as in the word ‘garage’) and an addental and interdental production of the /t/, /n/ and /l/ (resp. production of the tongue against and between the central incisors). Some people showed a small jaw opening during speech, as if they were mumbling. After insertion of the implants, the provisional denture with palatal coverage was adapted with soft tissue reliner. This temporary adaptation of the denture provide better retention but doesn’t change the external shape. A decrease in speech problems was observed. Still a large percentage of the participants show problems in pronouncing the /s/ sound (either sigmatismus simplex of stridens). There is a decrease in number of problems with the apico-dental speech sounds (/t/, /n/ and /l/). In this stage we can conclude that mostly the fricative sounds (/s/, /z/, /ʃ/ and /ʒ/) are difficult to pronounce.
The final horse-shoe denture is connected to the implants a few months later. At that moment the palatal coverage was removed. After an average adaptation period 4 months there is again a decrease in speech problems. In this final stage still ten people show minor speech problems. Nine of them have problems with the /s/ sound (mostly sigmatismus stridens) in combination with a deviant /z/ sound or in one case small jaw opening during speech. One patient presents with a sigmatismus simplex. One other participant only presents an addental /t/.
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