Page 141 - Latent Defect or Excessive Price?Exploring Early Modern Legal Approach to Remedying Defects in Goods Exchanged for Money - Bruijn
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EARLY MODERN CASTILIAN LAW
it seems to follow that in practice the remedy for laesio enormis did not last for four, but for two years at most. At least, it seems doubtful that the remedy was available for as long as thirty years.
3.4.3 Assessment of the just price
According to early modern scholastic theory not the affections of a particular person but an objective estimation based on the commonly shared opinion about a thing's worth at the time of the sale should be the guideline in determining its just price.276 Early modern Castilian civil law scholars argue in a similar vein as their coevals concerned with the forum internum. Piñel and Azevedo refer to Covarrubias when they describe how a thing's just price should be assessed. Both state that not personal affection but the common estimation of man is the yardstick to use.277 Piñel278 in his comment on Gómez' treatment of the C. 4.44.2 is clear about it:
'The common price should be taken into account, not the price determined by affection or personal interest, see the Gloss 'precia rerum' to C. 4.44.2 and Covarrubias279... Neither should be considered the price whichever buyer would give, but the price that someone who is acquainted with the thing's quality would pay, so it follows from the Gloss celebri and Bartolus ad loc.'.280
Also the place in which the sales is concluded bears on the price.281
Piñel furthermore elaborates on how the assessment of a thing's just price should
be carried out. In keeping with Bartolus, he holds that experts should be assigned by the parties or, if they cannot agree on which experts to appoint, by the judge.282 Azevedo
276 See 3.2.2.3.
277 Pinelus, Ad rubricam, to C. 4.44.2, 2, 3.17, p. 495: 'Attendi debet commune precium, non ex affectione el interesse particulari, gloss hic et omnes per d. l. precia rerum \[D. 35.2.63\]; Azevedo, Commentarii, to Nueva Recopilación 5.11.1, no. 10, p. 344: 'non debet aestimari pretium et valor ex affectione vel interesse particulari, secundum gloss et omnes in dicta l. 2, \[C. 4.44.2\], ubi Piñel, dicta 3. part. cap. fin. num. 17 \[Pinelus, Ad rubricam, to C. 4.44.2, 2, 3.17, p. 495\] post Covarr. libro 2, varia. cap. 3... \[p. 344, below right\] Del justo precio. Quod non ex affectione vel interesse singulari, neque ex publico foro aut mercato, sed ex communi hominum aestimatione regulandum est, secundum quod in gl. diximus praecedente et traditur per Covar. lib. 2. Variar. cap. 3, nu. 1 \[Covarrubias, Resolutiones, in: Opera omnia, vol. 2, 2.3, no. 4, fo .53\]'.
278 For biographical details on Piñel see García Sánchez, Arias Piñel, pp. 39seq.
279 Covarrubias, Resolutiones, in: Opera omnia, vol. 2, 2.3, no. 3, fo . 55.
280 Pinelus, Ad rubricam, 3.2, nos. 17-18, p. 475: 'Attendi debet commune pretium, non ex affectione vel
interesse particulari, glos. hic et omnes per d.l. precia rerum et Covarr., in d. lib., 3 resol., cap. 3... Nec attendi debet pretium quod daret quilibet emptor, sed tantum sciens rei qualitatem, ex glos. celebri et ita Bart. \[etc.\]'.
281 Pinelus, Ad rubricam, to C. 4.44.2, 2, 4.40, p. 505: 'Subdit glos. hic. quod in aestimatione inter alia habebitur etiam consideratio locorum viciniorum, prout in iis fieri solet, sed principaliter attenditur locus, in quo sit venditio, ut probat textus in l. fin., §fin., C. de admin. tuto. \[C. 5.37.5\]'.
282 Pinelus, Ad rubricam, to C. 4.44.2, 2, 4.3-5, pp. 487-488: 'Eligentur autem periti aestimatores secundum Bartolus et alios... \[4\] si partes discordaverint circa eligendos aestimatores, elegit iudex ex traditis a Barto. in d.l. 3, ad fin. C. de pigno, Bald. hic. col. pen. nu. 25... \[5\] circa aestimationem potest dari certitudo secundum commune pretium, quod ex usu hominum dignoscitur iuxta d.l. precia rerum \[D. 35.2.63\]... \[17\] Attendi debet commune pretium non ex affectione, vel interesse particulari, glos. hic. et omnes per d. l. precia rerum \[D. 35.2.63\]'.
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