Page 155 - Emotions through the eyes of our closest living relatives- Exploring attentional and behavioral mechanisms

Validation of the Pictorial Implicit Association Test
are pervasive in Dutch society (Andriessen et al., 2020). For instance, compared to other minorities, individuals of Moroccan descent were rated as most negative in a Dutch national survey (Vrooman et al., 2014). As such, we expect to find that Dutch participants (i.e., participants with 2 parents born in the Netherlands) have negative implicit associations with individuals of Moroccan descent, compared with individuals of Dutch descent. Furthermore, we expect to find this bias in both adults and children. Finally, we expect that the results of the PIAT are comparable to those found in word- based IATs.
Experiment 1: PIAT in the zoo
Method
Participants
129 Adults (73 females) and 143 children (72 females) took part in this study.
Participants were visitors of a zoo in the Netherlands, and were all Dutch-speaking
and of Dutch descent. The majority of individuals were right-handed (adults: 113
participants (87.6%); children: 121 (84.6%)). Children were between ages 5 to 17 (M
= 10, SD = 2.29) and adults between ages 18-76 (M = 33.83, SD = 13.95). Consent
for participating in the study was received from all adult participants and parents of
participating children. Participants took part in the study on a voluntary basis and
thus were not compensated for their participation. Data were collected between April 7 and May 2017 (see Figure S1 in supplements for photos of the setup).
Task
The Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) measures the strength of an association between a pair of concepts based on the reaction times of the participant. In a series of blocks, participants categorize concepts into two opposing categories. In the original version, seven blocks of trials are used, but versions with five blocks are common as well, especially when the target group consists mainly of children (Nosek et al., 2005). We thus opted for the five-block version of the task. Block one, two, and four were practice blocks in which participants learned to categorize images; block three and five were critical blocks in which the speed of categorization was measured (Figure 1).
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